Radebeuler stone back
The Radebeuler Steinrücke is the middle of the three individual vineyards of the large Lößnitz location in the Niederlößnitz district of the city of Radebeul in the wine-growing region of Saxony and is named after a vineyard within this vineyard.
The landscape Loessnitz formative steep slopes of granite - porphyry and Syenitverwitterungsböden with their dry-laid syenite - vineyard walls are a conservation area designated since 1999 as a conservation area Radebeul Historic vineyard landscape protected.
The wine in the Steinrück vineyard is grown by several winegrowers and the steep slope winemakers of the Niederlößnitz winegrowing community .
Location and vineyards
The Radebeuler Steinrücke extends in Niederlößnitz from the Lößnitzbach west to Moritzburger Straße , the connection from the Anger von Kötzschenbroda past Lindenau to Friedewald , and covers about 23 hectares.
The vineyards belong to the steep slopes with 12.6 hectares:
- Buzzard Mountain
- Stone back
- Castle of Peace
- Gemssteig
- Minckwitz vineyard
- Terrassenberg
- On the mountains (also: paradise)
The Steinrück vineyard, which gives the individual vineyard its name, is located south of the Radebeul-West forest park on the east side of Moritzburger Strasse, more precisely it is bounded to the east by Obere Burgstrasse and to the north by Am Wasserturm. The districts are aligned in a south to south-west direction. The Radebeuler Johannisberg vineyard adjoins the western side of Moritzburger Strasse, and the individual Radebeuler Goldener Wagen vineyard adjoins the eastern side of the Lößnitzbach .
Climate and geology
The Lößnitz is located in the Elbe Valley in the north of the Elbe and benefits from the mitigating influence of the water, despite a distance of 1.2 to 2 kilometers from the river to the vineyards. Due to the climatic conditions on the south side of the steep slope of the Elbe, fine fruit and wine can be grown in Radebeul. The annual average temperature is 9.2 ° C. The average annual sunshine duration, measured at the former Wahnsdorf weather station , is 1634 hours, above the German average of 1541 hours. The constant alternation between the warmth of the day and the coolness of the night ensures slow ripening of the grapes and leads to an increase in the extract content of the berries.
As Radebeul in the Elbe Valley has the mildest climate in Saxony, it is also called Saxon Nice , based on a saying by the Saxon King Johann around 1860.
The Lößnitz rises from the Elbaue over the Elbe terrace to the steep ascent of the Elbe slope, which, as part of the Lusatian fault, consists of weathered syenite soils and merges into the plateau of the Lusatian plate . It is cut by several notch valleys, of which the Lößnitzgrund with the Lößnitzbach permanently carries water, while the other valleys, the Fiedlergrund , the Kroatengrund and the Rietzschkegrund are formed by so-called lost water , which seeps into the groundwater after reaching the water-permeable sandy soil of the Elbterrassen transforms.
Because of the steepness of many locations above the central Elbe terrace with its 30 to 100 percent gradient, the layer of weathering products from the subsoil is quite thin. The vines must therefore often be grown on terraces with dry stone walls.
Grape varieties in the stone back
While Saxon viticulture in the Middle Ages was mainly characterized by the mixed set , single-variety cultivation has dominated since the beginning of the 17th century ("according to the Württemberg style"). Are spread mainly Müller-Thurgau , Riesling , Pinot Blanc , Pinot Gris , Traminer , Kerner , Pinot Noir and Scheurebe . The gold Riesling is grown in Germany only in Saxony.
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In addition, the Weinhaus Förster offers the Kötzschber as a specialty , including Rotling ( Schieler ). Förster's 1.36 hectare portion is at the north end of the location near the water tower.
history
The vineyard corridor north of Angers von Kötzschenbroda was mentioned as Kötzschbergisches Weingebirge as early as 1271 , when Dietrich von Zlauschwitz delivered twelve loads of wine to the Sitzenroda monastery . The first written mention of the Lezenitzberg (Lößnitz) can be found in a document in which the Meißner Bishop Withego I. enfeoffed the Dresden Maternihospital with this vineyard above Haus Reinhardtsberg. The vineyard was later called Römerberg until it was named Reinhardtsberg . The Kötzschber , which has been the name for wine from Kötzschenbroda for centuries, is named after Kötzschenbroda. He was already mentioned by Martin Luther , who praised him for his kindness in a letter to the Meißner bishop in 1520. An inscription from 1715 in a gable wall of a former winery along Winzerstraße (former Hausgaß) mentions the Kötzschber:
Whoever
complains about Father Rein,
I praise a good Kötzschber wine,
even if a person
is lame and crooked , he makes it like Simson
Elector Christian I adopted in 1588 a first wine-producing regulations that Weingebürgsordnung . At the beginning of the 17th century, Württemberger viticulture specialists were brought to the Elbe to introduce cultivation methods "according to Württemberg style", for example the terracing of the steep slopes with dry stone walls in 1616 by the winemaker Jacob Löffler.
In addition to the isolated press houses on the vineyard corridor, from the 16th century onwards, there were more wineries on the manor or owner hills that were not part of the Kötzschenbrodaer village corridor and were subject to the Dresden office ; Around 1600 there were 21 buildings on Hausgass (today Winzerstraße).
Since viticulture was carried out all the way down to the lower Elbe and had displaced food production there, in 1684 Elector Johann Georg III. the prohibition “Where the plow can go, there shall be no vine”.
In 1832, 75 winegrowers who had settled on the Kötzschenbrodaer Weinbergsflur north of Meißner Straße, but were not considered residents of the Kötzschenbroda community, founded the Niederlößnitzer Weinbergverein . With the changes to the Saxon rural community order of 1838, the rural community of Nieder-Lössnitz with 400 inhabitants at that time was formed from the vineyard association with its individual manor or owner mountains through formal separation from Kötzschenbroda , which was between Kötzschenbroda in the south and Kötzschenbroda-Oberort in the north. 1840 organized by Saxon wine-growing company , the wine festival in the Lößnitz .
The Bussard sparkling wine cellar (named after the Bussardberg) on the east side of Moritzburger Strasse was established in 1836 with a two-story, 115-meter-long wine cellar on what was then Kidney Mountain . It was founded as a factory for sparkling wines on a share basis and is the second oldest sparkling wine cellar in Germany. It was later called the Niederlößnitzer Champagne Factory , before it became the Bussard Sektkellerei in 1897. From 1978 onwards, sparkling wine production was only operated on the grounds of Schloss Wackerbarth, as the tank fermentation process used there was more productive than bottle fermentation . Schloss Wackerbarth later acquired the rights to Bussard.
The destruction of the war and bad harvests (for example due to the Little Ice Age ), long-distance trade in foreign wines and the occurrence of diseases such as powdery mildew around 1850 led to the gradual decline of Loessnitz wine-growing. In 1885 there was still around 150 hectares of cultivation area in the Lößnitz, due to the phylloxera disaster , which was first observed in the Lößnitz in 1888, the cultivation area fell to 10 hectares by 1910. At the same time, the two rural communities Niederlößnitz and Oberlößnitz experienced a construction boom and an enormous influx of people due to the preferred climate.
From 1913, the Agriculture Councilor Carl Pfeiffer (1872–1946) began to revive the loessnitz with the grafted vine introduced in 1905 . Pfeiffer became the first director of the Hoflößnitz viticulture research institute, founded in 1928. However, it was not until 1955 that the residents, who mostly worked as part-time and hobby winemakers, also revived the terraced steep slopes.
In 1989 the political turnaround brought about major changes through the application of the uniform wine law. The wine law emphasizes the importance of the individual vineyards; thus the separate expansion according to vineyard locations was resumed. The good market prices that the winemakers were able to achieve made the labor-intensive terrace cultivation attractive again.
Cultural monuments
Occasionally, vineyard mansions were built in the Baroque era , for example the Grundhof, which was later renamed in 1652 on the Hoher Berg winery . Artists such as the painters Wilhelm Claus (1882–1914), Karl Kröner (1887–1972) and Paul Wilhelm (1886–1965) lived and worked in the tower house .
During and after the reign of August the Strong , more and more country houses and wineries were built in Niederlößnitz. A baroque winery with a manor house, Haus Minckwitz , was built on Oberen Bergstrasse on the Altenberg , later Minckwitzscher Weinberg , and in 1729 the Minckwitzsche Berghaus (also Oberes Lusthaus or Belvedere), visible on the edge of the slope, was added. From 1827, sparkling wines were successfully made from loessnitz grapes here .
In 1844, a wine bar with "self-made wines" was built on the Höhenweg in the Graflich Flemmingschen winery. Due to its location, it was quickly given the name Paradise . This name is still used for one of the steep slopes of this location (also on the mountains ).
In 1870/1871 the Friedensburg with the vineyard of the same name was built on the edge of the slope by the construction company Gebrüder Ziller founded in Oberlößnitz .
Local wineries and wineries
- Saxon State Winery Schloss Wackerbarth
- Fly whisk winery
- Förster winery
- Paradiesberg winery
literature
- Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 .
- Matthias Oeder : The first land survey of the Electorate of Saxony on the orders of Elector Christian I carried out by Matthias Oeder (1586-1607); For the 800th anniversary of the reign of the House of Wettin . Stengel & Markert, Dresden 1889.
- Dieter Braatz, Ulrich Sauter, Ingo Swoboda, Hendrik Holler: Wine Atlas Germany . 1st edition. Hallwag, Munich, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8338-0638-4 .
- Stuart Pigott, Andreas Durst, Ursula Heinzelmann, Chandra Kurt, Manfred Lüer, Stephan Reinhardt: Wine speaks German . 1st edition. Scherz, Frankfurt am Main, 2007, ISBN 978-3-502-19000-4 .
- Georg Wulff; et al. (Red.): Winegrowers' houses in Radebeul . In: Association for Monument Preservation and New Building Radebeul (ed.): Contributions to the urban culture of the city of Radebeul . Radebeul 2003 ( online table of contents ).
Web links
- The steep slope winemakers in Niederlößnitz introduce themselves
- Website of the Sächsische Staatsweingut GmbH at Schloss Wackerbarth
Individual evidence
- ↑ Duration of sunshine, mean values for the period 1961 to 1990 ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) ( ZIP ; 42 kB)
- ↑ a b c Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul. Historical manual for the Loessnitz .
- ↑ Georg Wulff; et al. (Red.): Winegrowers' houses in Radebeul . In: Association for Monument Preservation and New Building Radebeul (ed.): Contributions to the urban culture of the city of Radebeul . Radebeul 2003.
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 37 ′ 58 ″ E