Radebeul Golden Car
Radebeuler Goldener Wagen is the eastern of the three individual vineyards in the Lößnitz area . Their vineyards are all located within the Oberlößnitz district of the city of Radebeul in the Saxony wine-growing region . The location is called Goldener Wagen , after the state vineyard located directly north of the Hoflößnitz .
The landscape Loessnitz formative steep slopes of granite porphyry and Syenitverwitterungsböden with their dry-laid syenite - vineyard walls are not only as a conservation area designated, but also since 1999 as a whole conservation area Historic vineyard landscape Radebeul been protected. Most of the Radebeuler Goldener Wagen location is in the Lößnitz conservation area .
The wine in the single location Goldener Wagen is grown by several winegrowers , mainly from the former Electoral Saxon , now municipal Hoflößnitz winery , but also from the jointly organized steep-slope winemakers of the Oberlößnitz winegrowing association . The state vineyard itself is partly owned by the Sächsisches Staatsweingut Schloss Wackerbarth in Niederlößnitz in the Radebeuler Johannisberg location , and some parcels there belong to Oberlößnitz winemakers.
Location and vineyards
The Radebeuler Goldener Wagen location is in the Oberlößnitz district, it extends from the Lößnitzbach (Lößnitzgrund) in the west to the eastern city limits. It covers around 31 ha, of which around 11 ha are steep slopes of over 30 to 100%, which on the map extend below the slope edge (brown line) to the south in the direction of the Elbe.
Above all, this includes the following vineyards, which are named today:
- Golden chariot
- Spitzhaus
- Hermannsberg
- Ravensberg
- Albertsberg
The individual vineyard Goldener Wagen, which gives the single location its name, is located exactly north of the Hoflößnitz, near the Lößnitzgrund and northwest of the Spitzhaus staircase at the specified coordinates. On the other side of the Lößnitzbach is the single layer of Radebeuler Steinücken .
Climate and geology
The Lößnitz is located in the Elbe Valley in the north of the Elbe and benefits from the mitigating influence of this river. Due to the climatic conditions on the south side of the steep slope of the Elbe, fine fruit and wine can be grown in Radebeul. The annual average temperature is 9.2 ° C. The average annual sunshine duration, measured on the climate diagram of the former Wahnsdorf weather station , is 1634 hours, above the German average of 1541 hours.
As Radebeul in the Elbe Valley has the mildest climate in Saxony, it is also called Saxon Nice , based on a saying by the Saxon King Johann around 1860.
The Lößnitz rises from the Elbaue over the Elbe terrace to the steep ascent of the Elbe slope, which, as part of the Lusatian fault, consists of weathered syenite soils and merges into the plateau of the Lusatian plate . It is cut by several notch valleys, of which the Lößnitzgrund with the Lößnitzbach permanently carries water, while the other valleys, the Fiedlergrund , the Kroatengrund and the Rietzschkegrund are formed by so-called lost water , which seeps away after reaching the water-permeable sandy soil of the Elbterrassen and back into it Groundwater passes over.
Because of the steepness of many locations above the Elbe Middle Terrace with its 30% to a maximum of over 100% gradient, the soil layer made of weathering products of the subsoil is quite thin. The vines therefore often have to be cultivated in terraces with dry stone walls.
Grape varieties in the golden wagon
While the Saxon cultivation in the Middle Ages was mainly characterized by the mixed set , since the beginning of the 17th century single-variety cultivation ("Wuerttemberg style") has dominated. Are spread mainly Müller-Thurgau , Riesling , Pinot Blanc , Pinot Gris , Traminer , Kerner , Pinot Noir and Scheurebe . The gold Riesling is grown in Germany only in Saxony.
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In addition, the Hoflößnitz offers a Rotling from Müller-Thurgau and Regent ( Schieler ).
In the Radebeuler Goldener Wagen location , more precisely in the Goldener Wagen state vineyard, there is the fourth oldest vine in the world and the second oldest domestic vine in Germany, with an estimated age of 250 to 350 years. This is the variety Früh (r) Leipziger , also Prié Blanc .
history
See also: History of viticulture in the Loessnitz
The history of the Golden Wagon is to a large extent also the history of viticulture in the Loessnitz, as the Saxon princes around Hoflößnitz Castle concentrated their viticulture here.
The first written mention of the Lezenitzberg (Lößnitz) can be found in a document in which the Meißner Bishop Withego I. enfeoffed the Dresden Maternihospital with this vineyard above Haus Reinhardtsberg. The term Loessnitz originally meant the area around the later Hoflößnitz. The corridor was actually the upper floor of the villages of Radebeul and Serkowitz , within which there were independent owner and manor mountains with the associated winegrowers' houses.
In 1401, during the Dohna feud, the Margrave of Meissen Wilhelm I the One-Eyed took over the press house and the surrounding area of the later Hoflößnitz from the Burgraves of Dohna . The Wettins concentrated their viticulture in the area on this estate for almost five centuries. After the Reformation , the Wettins took over other extensive vineyards from the church and the monasteries. Elector Christian I adopted in 1588 a first wine-producing regulations that Weingebürgsordnung .
The surveyor Matthias Oeder describes the area in 1607 in the First Electoral Saxon State Survey "The vineyards in the Lösnitz".
In 1650, Elector Johann Georg I built a small castle next to the press house. His son Johann Georg II celebrated the grape harvest here every year. He had the Dutch painter Albert Eckhout paint parts of the Hoflößnitz. August the Strong invited his hunting parties to Hoflößnitz and organized dance festivals there with the serving of wine.
In 1710 the vineyard that gave this location its name was first mentioned under the name of the Golden Carriage . It is located above the Hoflößnitz, west of the Spitzhaus staircase . The vineyard had already been terraced at the beginning of the 17th century by Württemberger viticulture experts with dry stone walls and developed using cultivation methods "in the Württemberg style". The name alludes to the excellent quality of the wine grown even with low yields.
In 1717 Christian Gerber mentioned the Hoflößnitz: “The Lößnitz is a certain line, because there are all high mountains that carry delicious wine, and because the electoral mountains are also there, this area is called the Hoffe-Lößnitz. And this loessnitz wine is also the best in the whole of the country, which is preferable to Franconian wine in good wine years, but is to be respected immediately to Rhine wine. "
Between the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 19th century, numerous vineyard properties and goods were built on this corridor, the wine-growing and press houses of which became mansions that also served the vineyard owners as summer residences. With the establishment of the communal association of the Oberlößnitz vineyard owners (= Weinbergsverein Oberlößnitz) on November 16, 1831, a community-like structure was created. Due to the new rural community order of 1838, the rural community Oberlößnitz was founded on August 6, 1839. 1840 organized by Saxon wine-growing company , the wine festival in the Lößnitz .
Due to the phylloxera disaster and its fight, the Golden Chariot fell and broke, similar to its neighboring vineyards. From 1913, the Agriculture Councilor Carl Pfeiffer began to rebuild the large Lößnitz vineyard with the grafted grape introduced in 1905 . In 1916 he took over the management of the vine refining station located near Hoflößnitz , from which the wine-growing research and teaching institute emerged in 1927 .
In 1925, the efforts at the Goldener Wagen vineyard were given a four-meter-high archway as a visible sign, which leads into the vineyard at the foot of the Spitzhaus staircase. This archway is made of red Meissen granite with a sandstone as the keystone. This shows a partially gilded carriage with horse, charioteer and grape as well as the dates 1710 and 1925.
Although the emergence of the location was driven forward in the 1930s, it was not until the 1970s that the rear sections of the Goldener Wagen vineyard were opened up again.
In 1990, the name of the vineyard Goldener Wagen was taken over to the entire current individual location of the Oberlößnitz district.
Due to the quality of the grapes obtained, Schloss Wackerbarth in Niederlößnitz also offers wines from the Radebeul Golden Car , such as a 2003 Golden Car Traminer Eiswein.
The Saxon Wine Queen 2002/2003 and the German Wine Princess 2003/2004, Antje Wiedemann, comes from Oberlößnitz ( Drei Herren winery , Hermannsberg vineyard).
Cultural monuments
The Hoflößnitz as the original princely winery and later the Wettin castle is today again a winery, viticulture museum, wine cellar and sales point. This includes the Spitzhaus staircase , at the foot of which the Golden Carriage Gate leads into the eponymous vineyard.
The Spitzhaus is connected to the Hoflößnitz via the Spitzhaus staircase. This vineyard house of the electoral high-rise Vorwerk stands on a mountain spur above the vineyard of the same name.
The Bennoschlösschen , the oldest surviving mansion in the Renaissance style , only got a press room extension in the 19th century. Immediately above on the property, the Unterberg, was the red press , which was used jointly by several vineyard owners.
Worry-free house , a mansion in the Dresden plait style / early classicism , stands at the foot of the local mountain, which was expanded in 1776 by the Spinshirnschen vineyard . Today's ensemble in Augustusweg was created from 1783 using parts of the previous winery.
The Meinholdsche Turmhaus is a winery with a wine cellar and press room at the foot of the former Weckische Hohenberge , which has been cultivated since the 16th century (later Ossenfeldscher Weinberg or Meinholdscher Weinberg ). Today it is managed by the Aust family of winemakers.
This is also the location of the Retzschgut , winery and winery owned by Moritz Retzsch , a painter with a particular passion for winery. On October 25, 1840, Retzsch designed and staged the big winemaker's parade for the winemaker festival of the Saxon Wine Society from Hoflößnitz to the Goldene Weintraube inn . Then he made the outline engravings in 8 sheets, which were lithographed and colored as a winemaker's train .
Haus Hermannsberg on Weinbergstrasse is the former vineyard house belonging to the Hermannsberg vineyard of the same name . On the slope edge of the vineyard there is a quarry stone built up, cellar mountain watch called Schnecke im Weinberg or Cikkurat .
The Albertsburg in Eduard-Bilz-Straße, also called Haus Albertsberg , is the manor house belonging to the Albertsberg vineyard of the same name . Already in 1660 there was a winegrower's house with a wine press.
One of the historic winegrower's houses that is still well-preserved today is the Lorenz house on Weinbergstrasse, which contained the press room and the winegrower's accommodation on the ground floor and the vineyard owner's apartment and hall on the upper floor.
Local wineries and wineries
- Drei Herren winery
- Haus Steinbach winery
- Hoflößnitz winery
- Karl Friedrich Aust winery
- Ulf Große winery
- Viticulture Klaus Seifert
literature
- Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 .
- Christian Gerber : The unrecognized benefits of GOD in the Electorate of Saxony and in the same most distinguished cities. 1717.
- Matthias Oeder : The first land survey of the Electorate of Saxony on the orders of Elector Christian I carried out by Matthias Oeder (1586-1607); For the 800th anniversary of the reign of the House of Wettin . Stengel & Markert, Dresden 1889.
- Georg Wulff; et al. (Red.): Winegrowers' houses in Radebeul . In: Association for Monument Preservation and New Building Radebeul (ed.): Contributions to the urban culture of the city of Radebeul . Radebeul 2003 ( online version: cover sheet and table of contents ).
Web links
- Geo data at weinlagen.info
- The steep slope winemakers of Oberlößnitz introduce themselves
- Vineyards in Radebeul near Dresden (Radebeul Golden Car)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Frank Andert (Red.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 .
- ↑ Duration of sunshine, mean values for the period 1961 to 1990 ( memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (ZIP file; 41 kB)
- ↑ Up to 250 years old: Saxony has real "Wine Methusalems" ( memento from October 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 19, 2013.
- ^ Location of the Goldener Wagen in Radebeul , accessed on February 19, 2013.
- ↑ Recording of vine genetic resources in Germany - a problem? Retrieved February 19, 2013.
- ↑ Grape variety archive (with a photo of the early Leipziger). Retrieved February 19, 2013.
- ↑ Oeder, Matthias: The first land survey of the Electorate of Saxony on the orders of Elector Christian I carried out by Matthias Oeder (1586-1607) , panel IX
- ^ Frank Andert; Radebeuler Monatshefte eV Preview & Review. The Oberlößnitzer Weinbergverein, p. 12 , edition 12/11
- ↑ Georg Wulff; et al. (Red.): Winegrowers' houses in Radebeul . In: Association for Monument Preservation and New Building Radebeul (ed.): Contributions to the urban culture of the city of Radebeul . Radebeul 2003.
- ↑ Timetable ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 48 ″ N , 13 ° 39 ′ 43 ″ E