Gottlob Friedrich Steinkopf

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View of Rosenstein Castle and the Neckar Valley, oil painting by Gottlob Friedrich Steinkopf, 1828.

Gottlob Friedrich Steinkopf (born March 1, 1779 in Stuttgart , † May 20, 1861 in Stuttgart) was a leading landscape painter of Swabian classicism in the first half of the 19th century.

After many years in Vienna and Rome, he settled in Stuttgart at the age of 42, where he also worked as a professor and director of the art school. In addition to heroic and Arcadian landscapes, he was particularly popular because of the large-format Neckar landscapes that he created for King Wilhelm I.

"Very much appreciated in his time, now undervalued, he mastered the varieties of landscape painting from classic-heroic to idyllic-Arcadian character, with his later reproductions of the Swabian homeland being of particular importance." ( Christian von Holst )

life and work

Steinkopf was born the fifth of fourteen children. His father was the porcelain and animal painter Johann Friedrich Steinkopf (1737-1825), who was a farm animal painter from 1802 until his retirement in 1817. His mother was Katharina Barbara Betulius (1754-1816), a daughter of the antiquarian Johann Christoph Betulius. Gottlob Friedrich Steinkopf's eldest brother Johann Friedrich Steinkopf (1771-1852) took over the business of his grandfather Betulius and continued to run it under his name. The JF Steinkopf publishing house and the Steinkopf antiquarian bookshop in Stuttgart can be traced back to him and his grandfather .

Steinkopf attended the humanistic high school in Stuttgart illustrious and received his first art lessons from his father. After graduating from school, he began training as a copper engraver with Johann Friedrich Leybold . When he moved to Vienna in 1798, Steinkopf followed him in 1799 as a student and housemate. To continue his education, he attended the Vienna Art Academy and turned to landscape painting.

In 1807 Steinkopf was awarded the second prize in the landscape painting category in a competition published by the Morgenblatt newspaper in Stuttgart for educated classes . Karl Graß, a painter and art critic with whom Steinkopf was friends, described the work in the Morgenblatt as “a lovely picture of more beautiful than serious character”. Due to the special appreciation of the jury for Steinkopf's performance, the editor of the Morgenblatt, Johann Friedrich Cotta, doubled the prize money.

Rome

Greek ideal landscape, 1809. Engraving after the painting “River Landscape with a View of the Sea”.

Steinkopf was able to finance his trip to Italy with the prize money from Cottas Morgenblatt. Together with his friend and his wife's brother, the painter and copperplate engraver Karl Jakob Theodor Leybold , he went to Rome, where he stayed between 1807 and 1814. He associated with the classicist painters Johann Christian Reinhart , Gottlieb Schick and Joseph Anton Koch and between 1809 and 1813 created a series of heroic landscapes , especially oil paintings (mostly large formats) and drawings.

Karl Graß dedicated an enthusiastic review in the Morgenblatt to the first work created in Rome from 1809, the “River Landscape with a View of the Sea”. However, he did not praise the successful connection between the Arcadian landscape and the antique setting, but rather the poetic character of the picture. He particularly emphasized that Steinkopf did not emulate the great role models Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorrain , but was diligent in observing nature himself. Steinkopf's other works, which he created in Rome, were also praised by Karl Graß, who died in Rome in 1814, in the Morgenblatt. His Roman and later works found an “encouraging buyer” in Cotta.

Vienna

In 1814 Steinkopf settled in Vienna again. The compositions created there are characterized by greater freedom and lightness, and the dark masses of shadows are replaced by sunny light and warmer colors. In the "Landscape with the Oak Tree" from 1820, Steinkopf used the domestic German landscape as a reproach for the first time.

Stuttgart

At the age of 42, Steinkopf moved to Stuttgart in 1821, where he stayed until the end of his life and was long considered the leading artist in his field. In 1824, King Wilhelm I threw out a salary for Steinkopf, and when the art school was founded in 1829 , he got a job as a teacher for the landscape subject. In 1833 he was appointed professor and in 1845 appointed to the board of the art school. His students included Louis Mayer , Theodor Schüz , Karl Ebert (1821–1885) and Emilie Reinbeck geb. Hartmann (1794-1846).

In the twenties in Stuttgart he again created some heroic landscapes with ancient and biblical motifs as well as some Italian-inspired idyllic Arcadian landscapes. Steinkopf achieved the greatest popularity and admiration in the second half of the twenties with three Neckar landscapes, which King Wilhelm I commissioned from him. The content center of the large formats is taken up by three new royal buildings that Wilhelm's favorite architect Giovanni Salucci had built: the burial chapel on the Rotenberg, Rosenstein Castle and Weilschen Castle near Esslingen.

The first of the three paintings (1825) conjured up the memory of Queen Katharina, who died young, through her burial chapel on the Rotenberg, backed by a halo of light. In the second painting (1928) Steinkopf suddenly transformed the native Neckar valley at the foot of Rosenstein Castle into a piece of Swabian Arcadia . In the last of the three paintings (1830) he transfigured the meadows and pastures around the Weil castle into a place of peace, a cheerful pastoral . Almost all of the works were discussed extensively and with praise by Ludwig Schorn and Gottlob Heinrich Rapp in the Kunstblatt , a supplement to the Morgenblatt.

According to Christian von Holst, "romantic-Biedermeier elements and a joy in the homeland, which was felt to be pious, as in his Swabian Spring of 1839, increased occasionally in his late work." In 1854 Steinkopf was retired due to sickness. He died on May 20, 1861 in Stuttgart, where he was buried in the Hoppenlauf cemetery.

family

Julius Steinkopf: The blue pot , probably around 1840 (original in color).

Steinkopf probably married Friederike Leybold (1788–1827), the daughter of his teacher Johann Friedrich Leybold, at the latest in 1806 . The marriage resulted in three children, two of whom, like their father, turned to painting. Maria Hänel born Steinkopf (1806–1863) was a student of Karl Jakob Theodor Leybold and became a portrait and landscape painter. Julius Steinkopf (1816–1892) apprenticed to his father and became a landscape painter.

List of works

The works are arranged according to their place of origin.

Rome

  • 1809: River landscape with a view of the sea, oil painting.
  • 1810: The morning of a festival of sacrifice, oil painting.
  • 1812: Return from the lion hunt, oil painting.
  • around 1812/1814: Southern coastal landscape with Arion on the dolphin, oil painting.
  • 1813: Evening blessing in the chapel on the way, oil painting.
  • 1813: Landscape with the Flight into Egypt, drawing.
  • 1813: Chiron with Achilles in a rock cave with a view of the sea, drawing.

Vienna

  • 1820: Landscape with the oak tree, oil painting.
  • 1820: Landscape with a motif from the Gulf of Naples, oil painting.
  • 1821: Landscape [on the banks of the Arno], oil painting.

Stuttgart

  • 1821: Ulysses and Nausicaa, oil painting.
  • 1822: Achilles and Chiron or Heroic Landscape with the Education of Achilles, oil painting.
  • 1822: Abraham entertains the three angels in front of his hut, oil painting.
  • 1822: Italian vintage, oil painting.
  • 1823: Return from evening prayer, oil painting.
  • 1823: Roman Campagna landscape (view from the hill near Merino), oil painting.
  • 1824: Sunday evening in the mountains, oil painting.
  • 1825: The chapel on the Rotenberg, oil painting.
  • 1825: The chapel on the Rotenberg, watercolor.
  • 1828: View of Rosenstein Castle and the Neckar Valley, oil painting.
  • 1830: Weil Castle and Stud near Esslingen, oil painting.
  • 1833: Kleobis and Biton, oil painting.
  • 1839: Swabian Spring, oil painting.
  • 1841: Stuttgart with the anniversary column, oil painting.
  • 1843: The Elysian realms, oil painting.

  • Greek ideal landscape, 1809. Engraving after the painting “River Landscape with a View of the Sea”.

  • Southern coastal landscape with Arion on the dolphin, around 1812/1814.

  • Ulysses in front of Nausicaa after his arrival on the Phäakeninsel, 1821.

  • Heroic landscape with the education of Achilles, 1822.

  • The chapel on the Rotenberg, 1825 (watercolor after the oil painting).

  • View of Rosenstein Castle and the Neckar Valley, 1828

  • Weil Castle and Stud near Esslingen, 1830.

  • Swabian Spring, 1839 (colored original).

Memberships and honors

  • 1825: Royal Prussian Academy of the Arts.
  • 1836: Vienna Academy of Arts.
  • 1853: Order of the Württemberg crown.

literature

Life

Works

  • Christian von Holst (Ed.): Swabian Classicism between ideal and reality, catalog. Stuttgart 1993, pp. 66-67, 419-425, 452, 401-402.
  • Christian von Holst (ed.): Swabian classicism between ideal and reality, essays. Stuttgart 1993, pp. 245, 252-253, 369.
  • Morning paper for educated classes / art paper : 1820, number 72, 96; 1821, numbers 30, 34; 1822, number 14; 1823, number 64; 1824, numbers 71, 85; 1827, number 63; 1828, number 56 ( digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Morgenblatt for educated classes : 1807, number 303; 1809, numbers 305, 306; 1811, numbers 3, 4; 1812, numbers 165, 166; 1813, numbers 55, 56, 101, 102.

Resources

Web links

Commons : Gottlob Friedrich Steinkopf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ #Holst 1993.2 , p. 452.
  2. ↑ #Wintterlin 1893 .
  3. ↑ # Steinkopf 1898 , pp. 8-10.
  4. ↑ #Wintterlin 1893 .
  5. ↑ #Morgenblatt 1807.
  6. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , pp. 223-224.
  7. ↑ Jörg Becker in #Holst 1993.2 , p. 252, #Morgenblatt 1809.
  8. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 224, #Kunstblatt .
  9. ↑ #Schefold 1937.1 .
  10. ↑ #Kunstblatt 1824, number 85, p. 338
  11. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 227. - Johanne Henriette Friederike Mayer born. Hartmann, the mother of Louis Mayer, was a daughter of Johann Georg Hartmann.
  12. ↑ # Koch 1908 , p. 24.
  13. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 227. - For Karl Ebert see: #Fischer 1925 , pp. 58–59.
  14. ↑ #Kunstblatt 1827, number 63, p. 250.
  15. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , p. 66.
  16. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , p. 66.
  17. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , p. 422.
  18. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , p. 424.
  19. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , p. 420.
  20. ↑ #Wintterlin 1893 , #Wintterlin 1893 .
  21. ↑ In 1912 the grave no longer existed. #Pfeiffer 1912 , p. 35, number 15: "Tomb is missing".
  22. ↑ #Wintterlin 1893 , #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 223, #Steinkopf 1898 , p. 87.
  23. ↑ #Schefold 1937.2 .
  24. ↑ #Schefold 1937.3 , #Steinkopf 1898 , p. 87.
  25. ↑ #Morgenblatt 1809, #Holst 1993.2 , pp. 252, 253. - Buyer: Johann Friedrich Cotta .
  26. ^ #Morgenblatt 1811. - Buyer: Johann Friedrich Cotta .
  27. ^ #Morgenblatt 1812. - Buyer: Johann Friedrich Cotta .
  28. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , p. 419.
  29. ↑ #Morgenblatt 1813, number 55, 56. - Buyer: Johann Friedrich Cotta .
  30. ↑ #Morgenblatt 1813, number 101, 102. - Buyer: Johann Friedrich Cotta .
  31. ↑ #Morgenblatt 1813, number 102. - Buyer: Johann Friedrich Cotta . See also the oil painting “Achilles and Chiron” from 1822.
  32. ↑ #Kunstblatt 1820, number 72. - Buyer: Johann Friedrich Cotta .
  33. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 p. 224, #Kunstblatt 1820, number 96, 1821, number 30. - Buyer: Johann Gottlob von Quandt .
  34. ↑ #Wintterlin 1893 , #Kunstblatt 1821, number 30.
  35. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 225, #Kunstblatt 1821, number 34.
  36. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 225, #Kunstblatt 1822, number 14. - See also the drawing "Chiron with Achilles in a rock cave with a view of the sea" from 1813.
  37. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 225, #Kunstblatt 1822, number 14. - Sale to England.
  38. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 225, #Kunstblatt 1822, number 14. - Buyer: private citizen in Stuttgart.
  39. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , pp. 225–226, #Kunstblatt 1823, number 64, 1824, number 71. - Thank you for Johann Friedrich Cotta .
  40. ↑ Today: Sternberg Foundation Leipzig . - Illustration: File: Gottlob Friedrich Steinkopf, 001.jpg .
  41. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 226, #Kunstblatt 1824, number 71.
  42. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , pp. 421–422, #Wintterlin 1895 , pp. 226–227, #Kunstblatt 1827, number 63. - Order from King Wilhelm I.
  43. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , pp. 421–422, today: Stuttgarter Staatsgalerie.
  44. ↑ #Holst 1993.1 , pp. 422–423, #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 227. - Commissioned by King Wilhelm I , today: Stuttgart State Gallery.
  45. ↑ # Holst 1993.1 , pp. 424-425. - Commissioned by King Wilhelm I , today: Stuttgart State Gallery.
  46. ↑ #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 227. - Buyer: King Wilhelm I.
  47. ↑ # Fischer 1925 , plate 46. - Order from King Wilhelm I for Friedrichshafen Castle.
  48. ↑ #Schefold 1937.1 . - Order from King Wilhelm I for Friedrichshafen Palace.
  49. ↑ #Schefold 1937.1 , #Wintterlin 1895 , p. 227. - Buyer: Stuttgarter Staatsgalerie.
  50. ↑ #Wintterlin 1893 .
personal data
SURNAME Steinkopf, Gottlob Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German landscape painter
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1779
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH May 20, 1861
Place of death Stuttgart