Burial ground of bumps

Burial ground of bumps
	p1
	f1
location	Saxony-Anhalt , Germany
Location	Bumps
When	Late fifth century to early sixth century ; ( Empire of the Thuringians )
Where	Stoß , Burgenlandkreis / Saxony-Anhalt
displayed	State Museum for Prehistory (Halle) , collection

51.113888888889 11.922777777778Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 50 ″ N , 11 ° 55 ′ 22 ″ E

The grave field of Stoß is one of the important body grave fields of the Old Thuringian elites in the area of the Thuringian Empire during the late migration period . It was discovered in the Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt and so far only half of it could be examined from the Landesmuseum Halle .

Find description

The burial ground in the area of the Old Thuringians was occupied from the middle of the fifth century to the beginning of the seventh century. It is one of the largest burial grounds during the migration period.

103 body graves, seven cremation graves, four horse graves and a circular moat were discovered on a total area of 350 by 250 meters. The excavations of the body graves took place in different parts of the burial ground.

Archaeological research assumes that when the area is finally excavated, around 100 graves will be added.

Grave goods

The burial equipment of the graves shows, on average, the modest well-being of a community from the Migration Period, which presents itself as belonging to the war class .

Warrior graves

Complete weapon equipment consisting of sword , lance and shield lay in outstanding warrior graves . Among them were several damascene weapons.

Warrior grave no.12

This grave, for example, contained a spathe , a lance, a spur and a pommel hammer ax as well as a trunk cup of Franconian origin

Women's graves

In the women's graves investigated, fibula fittings made of bow and small fibulae were found. These included numerous silver - gold - plated so - called Thuringian fibulae , such as pincer brooches and brooches with bird heads . S-fibulae and bird fibulae were also found in the women's graves as part of the fibula costume . Some women's graves contained pairs of decorative keys , such as grave (finding 29) and grave (finding 51). To the grave (finding 84) bow brooch couple owned the chainmail a bag obtained.

Thuringian turntable ceramics

Strikingly large quantities of Thuringian turntable ceramics were excavated on this cemetery.

Spangenhelm of Byzantine provenance

Byzantine spangenhelm from an elite warrior grave of the old Thuringian burial ground near Stoß (outdated reconstruction in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History of Thuringia in Weimar )

Due to the extremely rare find of a Spangenhelm , the grave field of Stoß is one of the well-known sites in the area of the Thuringian Empire , although the investigation is based on a total area that has so far only been partially excavated

Prehistoric and early historical helmets mainly come from hoards , sacrifices and river finds . Merovingian helmets, on the other hand, are almost always found in graves . Heiko control assumes estimated that a maximum of only one percent of the particularly sumptuously outstanding (for simple likely only one thousandth to be) burials are known, are thus extrapolated known from excavations ceremonial helmets (29 copies) about 3000 once existing helmets over.

classification

The site of Stosse is one of a series of grave fields with burials rich in gifts. These elite graves have been mapped several times by Berthold Schmidt. The extraordinarily rich burials are also known as "high nobility graves".

Important grave fields with "noble burials" in the north and east of the Harz are Deersheim (with wagon grave) , Schönebeck , Großörner and Obermöllern . The younger Hornhausen , in the south Oßmannstedt , Gispersleben with an old Thuringian wagon grave and Weimar belong to the area of the old Thuringians.

Far in the south of Central Franconia, in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, there is also the Westheim cemetery with the earliest Old Thuringian occupancy - as well as Zeuzleben in the Schweinfurt district , also with an Old Thuringian wagon grave .

In addition to these burial fields assigned to the Old Thuringians , there are also burial fields with a strong influence from the distant Merovingians, such as the Old Thuringian-Franconian cemetery of Alach , a district in Erfurt .

The customs in the Thuringian Empire before its end around 531 were mainly shaped by the relations with the Goths and Lombards in Italy .

With the conquest of the Thuringian Empire by the Merovingian kings in the years 531 to 534, the influence of the Franks increased, and the Franconian custom of creating row cemeteries also found its way into the Thuringian territory.

exhibition

The excellent grave finds from the cemetery in Stoß are part of the collection of the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle an der Saale .

Remarks

↑ Cf. Berthold Schmidt : The late migration period in Central Germany. Catalog (southern part) . Berlin 1970, pp. 20–38, pp. 110–111 and pp. 116–125, plates 5–35; see. Berthold Schmidt: The Kingdom of the Thuringians and its provinces . In: Wilfried Menghin , Tobias Springer, Egon Wamers (eds.): Germanen, Hunnen and Avars. Treasures of the Migration Period . Nürnberg 1987, pp. 471-512, here pp. 481-487; see. Berthold Schmidt: Push . In: Bruno Krüger (Ed.): Die Germanen. History and culture of the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. A manual in two volumes . Berlin 1986, pp. 502-548.

↑ see the excavation area: Berthold Schmidt: The late migration period in Central Germany. Catalog (southern part) . Berlin 1970, p. 20, fig. 2.

↑ Cf. Berthold Schmidt: Stössen . In: Bruno Krüger (Ed.): Die Germanen. History and culture of the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. A manual in two volumes . Berlin 1986, pp. 502-548. Color plate 61. On fibulae from the grave (finding 1) and fibulae from the grave (finding 16): No. 29, No. 43 and No. 60.

^ Heiko Steuer : Fibel and Fibeltracht. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 567, Fig. 156, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1968 / 73–2007, p. ( Payable via GAO , De Gruyter Online).

↑ Cf. Berthold Schmidt: The late migration period in Central Germany. Catalog (southern part) . Berlin 1970, pp. 20–38, pp. 110–111 and pp. 116–125, plates 5–35; see. Berthold Schmidt: The Kingdom of the Thuringians and its provinces . In: Wilfried Menghin, Tobias Springer, Egon Wamers (eds.): Germanen, Hunnen and Avars. Treasures of the Migration Period . Nürnberg 1987, pp. 471-512, here pp. 481-487; see. Berthold Schmidt: Push . In: Bruno Krüger (Ed.): Die Germanen. History and culture of the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. A manual in two volumes . Berlin 1986, pp. 502-548.

^ Heiko Steuer : Helmet and ring sword. Splendid armament and insignia of rank Germanic warriors. In: Studies on Saxony Research. 6. 1987, ISSN 0933-4734 , pp. 190-236, PDF, 7 MB .

↑ Cf. Berthold Schmidt: Thuringian high nobility graves of the late migration period . In: Peter Grimm (Ed.): Varia Archaeologica . Offered to Wilhelm Unverzagt for his 70th birthday, writing . Prehistory and Early History Section 16. Berlin 1964, pp. 195–213 .; see. Peter Donat : The aristocratic graves of Großörner and Stoß and the problem of quality group D Merovingian grave furnishings . In: Annual Journal for Middle German Prehistory 72. Halle an der Saale 1989, pp. 185–204; see. Hans Kuhn et al .: Princely graves. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1968 / 73–2007, p. 198 (for a fee via GAO , De Gruyter Online) .; see. Henrik Thrane : Nobility. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1973, ISBN 3-11-004489-7 , p. 69 ( chargeable via GAO , De Gruyter Online).

↑ See Hermann Ament : Merovingian period. Archeological. Burials. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 19, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-017163-5 , pp. 595-596 ( chargeable via GAO , De Gruyter Online).

literature

Heiko Steuer : Bumps. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 30, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-018385-4 , pp. 28–31 ( chargeable via GAO , De Gruyter Online).

Günter Behm-Blancke : Society and art of the Teutons. The Thuringians and their world. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1973.

Peter Donat : The aristocratic graves of Großörner and Stoß and the problem of quality group D Merovingian grave furnishings . In: Annual Journal for Middle German Prehistory 72. Halle an der Saale 1989, pp. 185–204.

Berthold Schmidt : The Kingdom of the Thuringians and its provinces . In: Wilfried Menghin , Tobias Springer, Egon Wamers (eds.): Germanen, Hunnen and Avars. Treasures of the Migration Period . Nuremberg 1987, pp. 471-512.

Berthold Schmidt: Push . In: Bruno Krüger (Ed.): Die Germanen. History and culture of the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. A manual in two volumes . Berlin 1986, pp. 502-548.

Berthold Schmidt: The Kingdom of the Thuringians and its incorporation into the Franconian Empire . In: The Franks. Pioneer of Europe . Mainz 1996, pp. 285-297.

Berthold Schmidt: Hermunduren - fishing - warning - Thuringian - Franconia - Saxony. In: Studies on Saxony Research. 13. 1999, pp. 341-366.

[1] Cf. Berthold Schmidt : The late migration period in Central Germany. Catalog (southern part) . Berlin 1970, pp. 20–38, pp. 110–111 and pp. 116–125, plates 5–35; see. Berthold Schmidt: The Kingdom of the Thuringians and its provinces . In: Wilfried Menghin , Tobias Springer, Egon Wamers (eds.): Germanen, Hunnen and Avars. Treasures of the Migration Period . Nürnberg 1987, pp. 471-512, here pp. 481-487; see. Berthold Schmidt: Push . In: Bruno Krüger (Ed.): Die Germanen. History and culture of the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. A manual in two volumes . Berlin 1986, pp. 502-548.

[2] see the excavation area: Berthold Schmidt: The late migration period in Central Germany. Catalog (southern part) . Berlin 1970, p. 20, fig. 2.

[3] Cf. Berthold Schmidt: Stössen . In: Bruno Krüger (Ed.): Die Germanen. History and culture of the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. A manual in two volumes . Berlin 1986, pp. 502-548. Color plate 61. On fibulae from the grave (finding 1) and fibulae from the grave (finding 16): No. 29, No. 43 and No. 60.

[4] Heiko Steuer : Fibel and Fibeltracht. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 567, Fig. 156, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1968 / 73–2007, p. ( Payable via GAO , De Gruyter Online).

[5] Cf. Berthold Schmidt: The late migration period in Central Germany. Catalog (southern part) . Berlin 1970, pp. 20–38, pp. 110–111 and pp. 116–125, plates 5–35; see. Berthold Schmidt: The Kingdom of the Thuringians and its provinces . In: Wilfried Menghin, Tobias Springer, Egon Wamers (eds.): Germanen, Hunnen and Avars. Treasures of the Migration Period . Nürnberg 1987, pp. 471-512, here pp. 481-487; see. Berthold Schmidt: Push . In: Bruno Krüger (Ed.): Die Germanen. History and culture of the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. A manual in two volumes . Berlin 1986, pp. 502-548.

[6] Heiko Steuer : Helmet and ring sword. Splendid armament and insignia of rank Germanic warriors. In: Studies on Saxony Research. 6. 1987, ISSN 0933-4734 , pp. 190-236, PDF, 7 MB .