Greenland (ship)
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The Greenland is the oldest seagoing ship in Germany that is still sailing today. Built in Norway in 1867, the Greenland was the ship of the First German North Polar Expedition in 1868 . It is now part of the fleet of the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven .
history
It was built in 1867 as a seal catcher by Toleff Toleffsen in Skanevik in Norway for coastal shipping . It belongs to the Nordic hunting type , which was built in large numbers until around 1900. The bow was specially reinforced against the pack ice for its task .
Arctic expedition
In 1868, Captain Carl Koldewey bought the ship for the First German North Pole Expedition and named it Greenland . On May 24, 1868, it set sail from Bergen, Norway . The expedition took the ship and crew to 81 ° 4 '30' 'N. That was the northernmost point reached by ship at that time and is still the northernmost reached by sailing ship without an auxiliary drive . The voyage led back via Bergen and on October 10, 1868, the Greenland entered Bremerhaven for the first time . The Greenland was considered too small for the Second German North Polar Expedition in 1869 , which is why it was sold back to Norway in 1871.
1871 to 1970
Between 1871 and 1970 the boat was used by various owners in Norway as a coastal sailor, fishing boat, seal catcher and leisure ship. In 1917 it was converted into a motor ship.
Museum ship
In the 1970s, the Norwegian Björn Hansen planned to include the Greenland in his private maritime museum because of its importance in polar research. However, the Greenland fell behind the Gjøa - Roald Amundsen's expedition ship when the Northwest Passage was discovered in 1906.
Between 1970 and 1973 it was reconstructed as a museum ship by its owner Egil Björn-Hansen and then acquired by the German Maritime Museum. In the autumn of 1972, Gert Schlechtriem, as director of the German Maritime Museum, managed to negotiate an agreement with Egil-Björn-Hansen from Oslo. The purchase agreement was sealed on January 26, 1973 in Bremerhaven. The purchase price was DM 120,000.
restoration
In the meantime, the ship had been towed from Kiel to Heiligenhafen to the Sakuth shipyard, where the hull was being prepared for transfer to Bremerhaven over the next few months . Riggers from the Howaldtswerke in Kiel worked on the rig .
The German Navy donated sails from Gorch Fock that were no longer needed , which the Hinsch sailmaker from Glückstadt could use for the expedition ship. The new mainsail came from a donation from a Bremerhaven merchant. The Norwegian captain Skarpness from the island of Stord , who could still fall back on his own sailing experience with Nordic hunts, was able to be won as a professional advisor . Construction plans did not exist. The complete interior work and the complete production of the rigging with the standing and running rigging could only take place later in Bremerhaven.
home trip
From September 7th to 9th, 1973 the transfer of the Greenland took place in tow of the rescue cruiser Theodor Heuss of the German Society for the Rescue of Shipwrecked People from Heiligenhafen to Elsfleth . The sails could also be set on a trial basis. Captain Gustav Wulf led the transfer trip with a team of sports sailors.
The official welcome with sailing under sail from the mouth of the Weser to Bremerhaven finally took place on September 14, 1973. The festive entry into the Old Harbor , the oldest port basin in Bremerhaven, took place one day later.
Today's whereabouts
Today the Greenland is part of the fleet of the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven. Until 2005 it was renovated and restored by the Bültjer boatyard for over a year . With a few adjustments to meet modern safety standards, the ship largely corresponds to the state of construction and equipment from 1868.
The Greenland is one of the oldest German seagoing vessels that is still sailing. As a traditional ship of the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven, it is not only a floating monument, but its operation also serves to preserve and research traditional seafaring skills and knowledge. She is the only active museum ship of the German Maritime Museum. Your berth in the museum harbor of the German Maritime Museum is right in front of the German Emigration Center . A volunteer regular crew takes care of the care of the valuable ship.
literature
- Ingo Heidbrink (Ed.): 81 ° 45 'North under sails. The Nordic Jagt GREENLAND - from the first German polar research ship to an active museum ship . Self-published by the German Maritime Museum , Bremerhaven 2005, ISBN 978-3-86927-211-5 , p. 47 ( digital version [PDF; 19.9 MB ; accessed on November 4, 2019] p. 50).
- Dirk Peters : Museum ship GRÖNLAND celebrates its 150th birthday. The Nordic Hunt was built in Norway 150 years ago . In: Men from Morgenstern , Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . No. 810 . Nordsee-Zeitung GmbH, Bremerhaven June 2017, p. 2–4 ( digitized version [PDF; 2.4 MB ; accessed on July 15, 2019]).
Web links
- Greenland website , accessed on November 4, 2017
- The Greenland on the website of the German Maritime Museum , accessed on November 4, 2017
- Sailing ship Greenland on the Bremerhaven website , accessed on November 4, 2017
- Nordic Hunt Greenland website , accessed November 4, 2017
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Abridged from: The history of Greenland , German Maritime Museum, accessed March 8, 2012
- ^ Petermann, A. (August), 1822–1878 .: The first German north polar expedition in 1868 . 1st reprint edition. J. Perthes, Gotha 1993, ISBN 3-623-00750-1 , p. 53 .
- ↑ Abridged from: Website der Grönland , Deutsches Schifffahrtsmuseum, accessed March 8, 2012
- ↑ Nordic Hunting Greenland ( Memento from December 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), ships and more (PDF, 166 kB)
- ↑ a b c Taken from: Die Grönland heute , Deutsches Schifffahrtsmuseum, accessed March 8, 2012
- ^ Paragraph taken verbatim from: Die Grönland heute , German Maritime Museum, accessed March 8, 2012
- ^ Monument database of the LfD