Gracarca
| Gracarca | ||
|---|---|---|
| height | 676 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Carinthia , Austria | |
| Mountains | Karawanken and Bacher Mountains | |
| Dominance | 2.2 km → Kitzelsberg | |
| Notch height | 180 m ↓ north of Unternarrach | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 35 '54 " N , 14 ° 35' 49" E | |
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| rock | Sattnitz conglomerate | |
| Age of the rock | Neogene | |
The Gracarca or Gračarca ( ˌgraˑˈt͡ʃaːrˌt͡saˑ ; probably from Slovene grad / gradec "castle, fortified place") is a mountain southeast of the Klopeinersee with a height of 676 m above sea level. A. , which consists of Sattnitz conglomerate . The Georgiberg connects to the east .
Gracarca hillside settlement
Besides being a fossil site , it is interesting as an archaeological site of a ring fortification with Bronze Age , Hallstatt Age , and Late Latène Age fragments as the remains of a settlement from the Hallstatt Age to the Roman Age , which is discussed as the early Noric capital Noreia , which cannot be unequivocally localized . The greatest importance - which among other things triggered the speculation on the subject of Noreia - attained the settlement after the find location in the late Celtic period.
The Gracarca hillside settlement is a listed building.
Archaeological results
Robbery excavations by probe users in the 1980s, through which hundreds of small objects came into the art trade, made scientific research necessary. Since 1992 this has been carried out by the Carinthian State Museum and expanded spatially. The hillside settlement shows no fortifications, the summit of the Georgi mountain has so far not shown any finds. Despite medieval terracing, intact traces of settlement could be uncovered, such as a stone fireplace (80 × 80 cm) with some loom weights . Nearby were found a large clay vessel, parts of a block structure, an early Iron Age pit with post holes and fire rubble, a Hallstatt period, also burnt down post structure and the remains of a late Celtic iron forge with slag and lobes made of forgeable steel. Blacksmithing tools and iron bars as well as traces of bronze processing were also discovered. A connection with the iron ore mining near Hüttenberg can be assumed. A Roman water collection basin with around 100 m² is dated to the final phase of settlement.
At Grabelsdorf there is a cremation burial ground and a robbed barrow . Warrior and women's graves could be identified by the grave goods, lance tips in one, jewelry and spindle whorls in the other grave sites. They are dated from the earlier Iron Age to the Late Latène Age. Many of the found objects do not come from domestic production, but were imported goods, for example Italian tableware.
Negative impressions of millstones cut here can be seen in the conglomerate rock, which were mistakenly interpreted as pre-Roman sacrificial stones and royal throne seats.
The church on the Georgiberg is the still visible remnant of a medieval castle, in this area too, in addition to medieval objects, small finds from the Iron Age were discovered. The wall on the south side is a late medieval fortification. Other such systems on the northwestern Steiner Berg have been identified as Roman times, but Iron Age artifacts have also been excavated there.
literature
- Susanne Sievers / Otto Helmut Urban / Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A-K and L-Z ; Announcements of the prehistoric commission in the publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Gracarca. Retrieved September 11, 2010 .
- ↑ a b Development of archaeological research and its museum presentation from the 20th century in Carinthia. (PDF; 3.6 MB) Retrieved September 11, 2010 .
- ↑ Noreia. Retrieved September 11, 2010 .
- ^ Barrows and dominions in the Eastern Alps. (PDF; 2.2 MB) Retrieved September 11, 2010 .
- ^ Sievers / Urban / Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. P. 686.
- ^ Carinthia - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) . Federal Monuments Office , as of June 28, 2013 (PDF).
- ^ Sievers / Urban / Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. P. 684 f. (for the entire section "Archaeological Results" )