Graswarder
Coordinates: 54 ° 22 ′ 45 ″ N , 11 ° 0 ′ 30 ″ E
The Graswarder together with the west front located Steinwarder a long peninsula with a 230 hectare large nature reserve on the coast of Heiligenhafen in Ostholstein in Schleswig-Holstein . The spit peninsula with its secondary hooks and lagoons continues to grow.
Origin and development
Originally the Graswarder was an island. In 1954 a connection was established with what was then the Steinwarder peninsula. The water surface between Stein- and Graswarder and the mainland has since formed the Heiligenhafener Binnensee, which despite its name still has a connection with the Baltic Sea. The spit system of the Stein and Graswarder continues to develop to this day in an easterly direction.
For some years now, the sand on the built-up north beach of Graswarder has been worn away, which is of concern to the building owners located there. Central measures for coastal protection are not planned by the public sector, despite the existing monument protection of the buildings.
Nature reserve
The Graswarder nature reserve was designated in 1968 at the request of NABU and expanded in 1987 through the revision of the Protected Area Ordinance. It includes the spit hook moving from west to east over a length of approx. 2.5 kilometers as well as the directly adjacent mudflats and water areas of the Baltic Sea up to a width of 300 meters. It has a total area of 230 hectares, of which about 100 hectares are pure land. The nature reserve includes natural beach walls and salt marsh biotopes .
Numerous species of birds breed in the nature reserve, such as gray geese ( Anser anser ), shelduck ( Tadorna tadorna ), avocets ( Recurvirostra avosetta ) and oystercatchers ( Haematopus ostralegus ). There are also many beach and salt plants such as sea thistle ( Eryngium maritimum ) and sea kale ( Crambe maritima ). There is an information center of the NABU Schleswig-Holstein on the edge of the protected area . The nearby observation tower is also released for use as part of guided tours.
To protect the common gull colony from predators such as red fox , stone marten and hedgehog , there has been a fence in a small section of the nature reserve since 2015. The fence is electrically charged and also has a protective plastic film. The bird populations on the Graswarder had decreased drastically in previous years due to predation . With thermal imaging cameras it was found that the hedgehog was eating the clutches of the ground-nesting birds. Because of the electric fence, 221 of 250 pairs of Common Gulls successfully brooded in 2016 and raised an average of 1.8 young birds per pair.
In the spring of 2018, a 1.60 meter high permanent protective fence is to be built, which will separate the entire peninsula from the mainland, and the mobile protective fence around the common gull colony will also be replaced by a permanent fence. The protective fence is seen as the only way to ensure breeding success for the ground breeders. In 2015, out of 27 pairs of shelduck with clutch on the Graswarder, only one brood successfully; in the middle saw of eleven breeding pairs also only one breeding success, of 30 oystercatcher breeding pairs had no breeding success. The other clutches and juveniles fell victim to ground predators, although hunters trap or shoot down 300 predators per year. The cost of building the fence of over 100,000 euros is borne by the European Union and the state.
Development
Around 1900 some wealthy members of the German bathing society built beach villas on the Graswarder. The island was connected from the harbor with a wooden footbridge, which remained the only permanent connection to the Graswarder until 1954. In order to supply the houses with drinking water, a water tower was built that was filled by the city on summer days. With the connection of Gras- and Steinwarder to the mainland, the tower was replaced by a water pipe. There is also a youth camp on the Graswarder. B. School classes are accommodated on a weekly basis.
Between 1973 and 1978 NABU built a nature conservation center on the Graswarder in three construction phases. In 2004, a 14-meter-high observation tower was added, which is free from Easter to October and accessible as part of guided tours.
All 15 houses on Graswarder, including some thatched half-timbered and wooden houses, are now listed. Nevertheless, the homeowners have to continuously finance the expensive coastal protection measures for their property themselves. And yet the real estate prices are at the best location level on Sylt. Today the Graswarder is considered to be the residential area with the weakest infrastructure in Schleswig-Holstein .
Others
Theodor Storm mentioned the island at that time as Warder Island in his novella Hans and Heinz Kirch .
The peninsula has been the location of several film productions. This is how scenes from the film Who is Hanna? with Cate Blanchett and the television film Borowski and the Land between the Seas from the crime series Tatort .
literature
- Manfred and Dorothea Diehl: Nature reserves on the Baltic coast of Schleswig-Holstein. In: Reports of the association “Nature and Homeland” and the Natural History Museum in Lübeck. Issue 19/20, Lübeck 1986.
- Norbert Fischer , Sonja Jüde, Stefanie Helbig, Gabriele Rieck (eds.): The Graswarder - coastal landscape of the Baltic Sea. DOBU-Verlag, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 3-934632-42-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Does the Baltic Sea devour Graswarder? , Lübecker Nachrichten, accessed on July 19, 2015
- ↑ Great breeding success on the Graswarder Lübecker Nachrichten on July 27, 2016, accessed on January 3, 2018
- ↑ Breeding successes on the Graswarder, but also worries Lübecker Nachrichten from June 20, 2017, accessed on January 3, 2018
- ↑ Protective fence is being built on Graswarder. Lübecker Nachrichten of November 24, 2017, accessed on January 3, 2018
- ↑ a b The north story: Graswarder peninsula - insider tip in the Baltic Sea , broadcast on May 22, 2020 on NDR television.
- ↑ A film star on the Baltic coast. Accessed August 7, 2014
- ↑ Borowski determined in Ostholstein , Lübecker Nachrichten, March 22, 2017
Aalbeek lowland | Barkauer See and surroundings | Graswarder Heiligenhafen | Green Brink | Kasseedorfer ponds and surroundings | Krummsteert-Sulsdorfer Wiek / Fehmarn | Lübbersdorfer gravel pit | Middelburg Lakes | Neustadt inland water | Northern Lake Low Fehmarn | Oldenburger Bruch | Ruppersdorfer See | Sielbektal, Kreuzkamper lake landscape and surrounding forests | Wallnau / Fehmarn | Weißenhäuser Brök | Wesseker See