Gregor von Bochmann (painter)
Gregor von Bochmann (born May 20, jul. / 1. June 1850 greg. On the estate Nehhat (estn Nehatu) in. Estonia ; † 12. February 1930 in Hösel in Dusseldorf ) was a Baltic German painter and draftsman , who at studied at the Düsseldorf Art Academy and then settled down in Düsseldorf.
Bochmann was always popular during his lifetime thanks to his regular participation in exhibitions and his sometimes spectacular early works. After his death in 1930 and 1951 the Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen organized commemorative exhibitions for him (1951 with 70 works), but after that - apart from the unbroken presence of his pictures in the international art trade - things became a little quieter around him. However, since the beginning of this century there have been exhibitions in Düsseldorf and Estonia, and a book was published in 2007 about the life and work of the painter.
Life
Gregor von Bochmann spent his childhood in the countryside in Estonia , which was then administered by Russia. With his father, a forester for the state domains in Estonia ennobled for his services in the Crimean War, he often traveled overland and trained his observation skills early on. From 1862 to 1868 he attended the Gouvernements-Gymnasium in Reval (today Tallinn ), where his drawing teacher Theodor Albert Sprengel , who himself studied in Dresden and Düsseldorf , recognized his extraordinary artistic talent. In 1868 he got him a scholarship from the Revaler Schiller Foundation to study at the Düsseldorf Art Academy , which had become known through the Düsseldorf School of Painting .
After quickly passing through the Academy's drawing and antiquity classes, he attended Oswald Achenbach's landscape class for six months in 1869 , before he left the academy. As early as 1871, Bochmann founded his own studio in Düsseldorf and subsequently undertook several study trips to Holland , Belgium and Estonia , which provided him with the motifs for his paintings. On August 22, 1877, he married Emilie (Milla) Poensgen (* 1856), daughter of Julius Poensgen (1814–1880) from the well-known industrial family Poensgen in Düsseldorf . One son is the sculptor Gregor von Bochmann the Younger .
Early on he took part in important art exhibitions ( Düsseldorf , Munich , Vienna , Dresden , Berlin , World Exhibition in Paris in 1878 ) and received numerous awards. In addition to several exhibition medals and the appointment to the Academy of Arts in Berlin in 1893, he was awarded the title of Kgl. Prussia. Professor awarded. On July 13, 1899, he was admitted to the Prussian nobility when Kaiser Wilhelm II. Bochmann confirmed the Russian title of nobility.
By founding the Free Association of Düsseldorf Artists, Bochmann is one of the earliest Secessionists . Bochmann was a board member in the German Association of Artists .
Works
The main works of Bochmann, who was also an excellent draftsman and watercolorist , include: "Estonian Market Place" (around 1870, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf ), "The reapers" (after 1870, National Gallery Berlin), "Sunday at Church in Estonia" (1874 ), "Dutch Lock" (1875), "Potato Harvest in Estonia" (1876), "Shipyard in South Holland" (1878, National Gallery in Berlin), "Old Scheveningen Beach Life" (1879), "Fish Market in Reval" (1886, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf), "Holländischer Strand" (1888), "Rast am Kruge" (motif from Estonia, 1893, Gemäldegalerie Dresden), "Holländisches Strandbild" (1894, Neue Pinakothek in Munich), "On an abandoned Heerstraße" (1904), “The ships are coming” (1907), “Mussel fishermen” (1918).
“There are primarily two motifs that run like a red thread through Bochmann's work: the popular life of his Estonian homeland and the hustle and bustle of fishermen on the Dutch coast. Bochmann tries again and again to design these themes in artistic variations, whereby his love applies equally to the landscape as to the figures, which never become accessories. With the greatest care and with the finest brushes, the sometimes overemphasized detail is added to the safely laid-out composition. On his palette he has differentiated color nuances ready, which give the figures plasticity and his landscapes their often praised atmospheric depth and illuminated expanse. Especially the light treatment has v. Bochmann paid a great deal of attention, and the intended mood is not infrequently achieved through a brilliant treatment of the play of light and shadow, in contrast to the Impressionists, who dissolve the dark shadow in color. In the early days, Bochmann loved a strong tonal color scheme, which not least earned him the reputation of 'old masters'. A development within his almost six decades of creative time is clearly demonstrable in the sense of a liberation from meticulous fine painting to a more generous image conception and coloring. To the most valuable, the G. v. Bochmann has left his watercolors and colored sketches, which are executed with rare mastery. Here the artist writes a handwriting that is barely recognizable in comparison with his oil paintings. The watercolors alone would be enough to place him, the painter between the ages, in the front row of the Düsseldorf School and to honor him. "
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literature
- T. Abel in General Artist Lexicon - The visual artists of all times and peoples . Vol. 12. Saur, Munich / Leipzig 1996, p. 32 f.
- Paul Campe: Bochmann, Alexander Heinrich Gregor von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 340 ( digitized version ).
- Julia Hümme: Gregor von Bochmann (1850–1930). Life and work of a German-Baltic painter in Düsseldorf (dissertation). Verlag Ludwig, Kiel, 2007, ISBN 978-3-937719-31-3
- Silke Köhn: Gregor von Bochmann 1850–1930 . Collector Journal, April 2009, pp. 72-79
- The painter Gregor von Bochmann . Catalog for the exhibition Galerie an der Börse, Düsseldorf from August 3 to 17, 2002, ISBN 3-9806030-1-6
- Hans Paffrath (Ed.): Lexicon of the Düsseldorf School of Painting 1819–1918. Volume 1: Abbema – Gurlitt. Published by the Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf in the Ehrenhof and by the Paffrath Gallery. Bruckmann, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9 .
- Bochmann, Alexander Heinrich Gregor . In: Wilhelm Neumann : Lexicon of Baltic artists . Published by Jonck & Poliewsky, Riga 1908, p. 16 f.
- The Road to Reval - 19th century Estonian art from private collections . Exhibition catalog. Mikkel Museum, Tallinn, February 13 - March 21, 2010, St. Lucas Gallery, ISBN 978-9949-21-017-6
Web links
- Literature by and about Gregor von Bochmann in the catalog of the German National Library
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Gregor von Bochmann. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
- Homepage about the painter Gregor von Bochmann with a (still incomplete) catalog raisonné
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in the baptismal register of the Karusen parish (Estonian: Karuse kogudus)
- ^ Rudolf Theilmann: The student lists of the landscape classes from Schirmer to Dücker . In: Wend von Kalnein : The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 146
- ↑ kuenstlerbund.de: Full members of the German Association of Artists since it was founded in 1903 / Bochmann, Gregor von ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on September 21, 2015)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bochmann, Gregor von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bochmann, August Gregor von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German-Baltic painter and draftsman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 1, 1850 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Well Nehat, Estonia |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 12, 1930 |
| Place of death | Hösel near Düsseldorf |