Grevena

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Municipality of Grevena
Δήμος Γρεβενών (Γρεβενά)
Grevena (Greece)
Bluedot.svg
Basic data
State : GreeceGreece Greece
Region : Western Macedonia
Regional District : Grevena
Geographic coordinates : 40 ° 5 '  N , 21 ° 26'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 5 '  N , 21 ° 26'  E
Area : 1,859.88 km²
Residents : 25,905 (2011)
Population density : 13.9 inhabitants / km²
Seat: Grevena
LAU-1 code no .: 1501
Districts : 13 parishes
Local self-government : f121 city district
61 local communities
Website: www.grevena.gr
Location in the West Macedonia region
Image: 2011 Dimos Grevenon.png
f9 f10 f8

Grevena ( Greek Γρεβενά [ ɣrɛvɛˈna ] ( n. Pl. ), Maz. / Bulgar . Grebena Гребена, aromun. Grebini ) is a city in northern Greece. Since 2010 it has also been the largest municipality in the country in terms of area, with around 1,860 km² it is slightly larger than the metropolitan city of Istanbul , but with a population of around 25,500 it has only a five-hundredth of the population.

Until 2010, Grevena was the capital of the prefecture of the same name in the administrative region of West Macedonia , Greece . With the administrative reform in 2010 , twelve neighboring communities were incorporated.

The city of Grevena is the bishopric (Mitropolis) of the Greek Orthodox Church.

geography

Grevena occupies the valley of the upper reaches of the Aliakmonas river and some tributaries, such as the Greveniotikos and the Venetikos. The area rises to the west hilly and reaches far into the mountains of northern Pindos -Gebirges to the peaks of the massifs of Vouzia (2239 m above sea level. D. M.) Vasilitsa (2,249 m), Avgo (2177 m) and Milia ( 2160 m). To the east, the Epirus region borders on the municipality. In the south, the foothills of the Chasia massif separate the area from central Greece and the municipality of Kalambaka . With the Vourinos , a mountain range rising to 1866 meters rises in the northeast of the municipality. The northern and eastern neighboring communities are Nestorio , Voio , Kozani and Deskati .

The distances to the neighboring cities are (as the crow flies): to Siatista in the north-north-east 22 km, to Kozani in the north-east 40 km, to Kastoria in the north-north-west 51 km, to Metsovo in the south-south-west 41 km and to Kalambaka 45 km. After Athens is about 308 km.

history

The area was probably inhabited as early as the Neolithic Age. Neolithic monuments have been found in Knidi (around 13 km east of the city of Grevena), as have the castles in Spileo and Alatopetra. Other archaeological finds show that the area was found before 1500 BC. . BC was inhabited. In ancient times, the municipality of Grevena belonged to the Orestis landscape in the north and to the Elimea landscape of the ancient region of Macedonia in the south.

Grevena became the episcopal seat (Mitropolis) of the Greek Orthodox Church during the rule of the Byzantine Empire . During the reign of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos from 1143 to 1180, a bishop from Nafpaktos took over the bishopric of Grevena; the region around the bishopric was called the "Bulgarian diocese".

The Ottoman occupation of Macedonia (1423 to 1912) had no noticeable influence on the inhabitants of the region, as they were hardly affected by it because of its remoteness. The large number of monasteries in the area helped maintain the Greek Orthodox faith. The English traveler William Martin Leake described in his travels through northern Greece at the beginning of the 19th century Grevena as a bishopric with an adjacent Ottoman settlement in which 80 families lived; in addition, there are a large number of small Turkish settlements in the area. During the Greven-Turkish War of 1897, Greek rebels tried to take Grevena from Valtino. They managed to advance to the town of Kritades, where the Ottoman garrison with 400 soldiers was successfully defeated. The Ottoman counterattack with a force superior in terms of soldiers and material repulsed the Greek rebels near Krania on April 5, 1897. Ottoman rule ended in Grevena in early November 1912. Greek troops took the city as part of the first Balkan war .

After the Greek defeat in the Greco-Turkish War from 1919 to 1922 and the Treaty of Lausanne from 1923, Greek refugees from Asia Minor and Eastern Thrace were also settled in Grevena as part of the so-called population exchange . The previously resident Turkish population group was expelled or had to flee either in the context of the Balkan Wars , the First World War or in the context of the aforementioned “population exchange”. The lands left behind were assigned to the Greek refugees. Conflicts about the assigned lands escalated into violence in some cases. Even Greeks Muslim faith , so-called Valades had Grevena 1,923 left.

The Second World War began for Grevena with the Italian attack from the Italian occupied Albania on Greece on October 28, 1940. However, no fighting took place in the area of ​​the municipality of Grevena; the planned advance of the Italian armed forces had already been stopped in the high mountains of the Pindus and then thrown back to Albania. However, fighting took place after the German invasion of northern Greece on April 6, 1941 ( Operation Marita ). The 1st SS Panzer Division advanced on Greek territory north of Florina on April 9, passed the Klidi Pass on April 11 and captured Ptolemaida and Kozani on April 12 and 13 . As a western post, Grevena belonged to the defensive position of Greek, English, New Zealand and Australian troops known as the Aliakmonas Line. A division of the 1st SS Panzer Division swiveled to the southwest and advanced via Siatista to Grevena. The latter was captured by German troops on April 17, 1941. However, the German troops did not stay permanently in Grevena, as it was part of the Italian zone of occupation in Greece. The zone occupied by the Italian armed forces in north-west and west Greece was called Ciamuria, in reference to the Aromanians who settled in this area. In May 1943, Greek partisans of ELAS captured the city of Grevena from the Italians before Italy entered the war on the side of the Allies in September of the same year.

The SS Police Grenadier Regiment 8 under the direction of Helmut Dörner committed a war crime against the local civilian population on July 8, 1944 in the village of Grevena (Γρεβενά). The village with around 700 inhabitants was empty because its inhabitants had fled from the Germans. However, Dörner's units encountered two old men who they killed. Three other toddlers were found in the area and shot. After further combing the area, members of the regiment drove 42 men, women and children into a sheepfold and set it on fire. People burned alive. Only one little boy escaped because he was able to escape through a manure drain. However, he was persecuted and shot. When the regiment withdrew on July 13, 1944, Dörner ordered the village to be burned down. A plaque commemorates the massacre today.

During the Greek civil war from 1946 to 1949, Grevena and the surrounding area repeatedly became the scene of fighting between the left-wing insurgents under communist leadership and the regular Greek armed forces under the control of the right-wing government in Athens. In September 1946, the insurgents captured positions on the Venetikos River, but could not hold them for long. On November 20, 1947, the rebels established a headquarters in the village of Anthrakia, which is today's Grevena municipality. On July 25, 1947, 1200 to 1500 insurgents attacked the city of Grevena directly, but were unable to conquer the city. The subsequent offensive by the Greek army led to a massive movement of refugees from the villages to the cities in August 1947 through attacks on towns around Grevena and other cities in Western Macedonia and Epirus. In the city of Grevena, 15,000 refugees are said to have been staying at the end of 1947. In the battle for Grevena in July 1947, the rebels recorded 128 dead, 135 wounded and 90 prisoners.

The aftermath of World War II and the Greek Civil War had a serious impact on the economic basis of the people in Grevena, agriculture. In 1950 the region around Grevena had only 30% of the livestock herds as it did before the Second World War in 1940.

On May 13, 1995, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.6 on the Richter scale shook the city and municipality of Grevena.

structure

Clock tower in the center of the city of Grevena.

As early as 1997, Grevena was combined with the surrounding towns and communities to form a much larger municipality. With the renewed expansion in 2010, the municipal area was more than quadrupled. The parishes that existed up to then now have the rank of parish districts (Ez. Gr. Dimotiki enotita ), the former parishes of the predecessor parishes form a city district (gr. Dimotiki kinotita ) and numerous local communities (Ez. Gr. Topiki kinotita ). The population figures are based on the information from the 2011 census.

  • Municipality and local community Avdella - Αβδέλλα - 280 inhabitants
  • Municipality of Agios Kosmas - 870 inhabitants
    • Local community Agios Kosmas - Τ. Κ. Αγίου Κοσμά - 75 inhabitants
      • Agios Kosmas - Άγιος Κοσμάς - 49 inhabitants
      • Ano Ekklisia - Άνω Εκκλησία - 25 inhabitants
      • Ekklisia - Εκκλησία - 1 inhabitant
    • Local community Dasyllio - Τ. Κ. Δασυλλίου - 12 inhabitants
    • Local community Kalirachi - Τ. Κ. Καληράχης - 125 inhabitants
    • Local community Kalloni - Τ. Κ. Καλλονής - 6 inhabitants
    • Local community Kydonies - Τ. Κ. Κυδωνιών - 104 inhabitants
      • Kydonies - Κυδωνίες - 81 inhabitants
      • Lipsi - Λείψι - 23 inhabitants
    • Local community Kyparissi - Τ. Κ. Κυπαρισσίου - 43 inhabitants
    • Local community Megaro - Τ. Κ. Μεγάρου - 370 inhabitants
    • Local community Oropedio - Τ. Κ. Οροπεδίου - 110 inhabitants
    • Local community Trikorfo - Τ. Κ. Τρικόρφου - 25 inhabitants
  • District and local community Dotsiko - Δοτσικό - 39 inhabitants
  • District and local community Filippei - 179 inhabitants
      • Aetia - Αετιά - 34 inhabitants
      • Filippei - Φιλιππαίοι - 145 inhabitants
      • Kourouna - Κουρούνα - uninhabited
  • Gorgiani municipality - 885 inhabitants
    • Local community Kallithea - Τ. Κ. Καλλιθέας - 122 inhabitants
      • Kallithea - Καλλιθέα - 58 inhabitants
      • Prionia - Πριόνια - 64 inhabitants
    • Local community Kipouria - Τ. Κ. Κηπουρείου - 206 inhabitants
    • Local community Kranea - Τ. Κ. Κρανέας - 385 inhabitants
    • Local community Mikrolivado - Τ. Κ. Μικρολιβάδου - 56 inhabitants
    • Pigaditsa local community - Τ. Κ. Πηγαδίτσης - 96 inhabitants
    • Local community Sitara - Τ. Κ. Σιταρά - 20 inhabitants
  • Grevena municipality - Τ. Κ. Γρεβενών - 17,610 inhabitants
    • Grevena district - Δ. Κ. Γρεβενών - 13,374 inhabitants
      • Doxaras - Δοξαράς - 208 inhabitants
      • Grevena - Γρεβενά - 13,137 inhabitants
      • Kalamitsi - Καλαμίτσι - 29 inhabitants
    • Local community Agii Theodori - Τ. Κ. Αγίων Θεοδώρων - 369 inhabitants
      • Agii Theodori - Άγιοι Θεόδωροι - 215 inhabitants
      • Anthrakia - Ανθρακιά - 103 inhabitants
      • Emilianos - Αιμιλιανός - 36 inhabitants
      • Despotis - Δεσπότης - 15 inhabitants
    • Local community Amygdalies - Τ. Κ. Αμυγδαλεών - 500 inhabitants
      • Agias Trias (Agia Triada) - Αγία Τριάς - 32 inhabitants
      • Amygdalies - Αμυγδαλιές - 446 inhabitants
      • Lochmi - Λόχμη - 22 inhabitants
    • Local community Elatos - Τ. Κ. Ελάτου - 177 inhabitants
      • Elatos - Έλατος - 164 inhabitants
      • Kastro - Κάστρο - 13 inhabitants
    • Local community Elefthero - Τ. Κ. Ελευθέρου - 229 inhabitants
      • Elefthero - Ελεύθερο - 57 inhabitants
      • Eleftheron Prosfygon - Ελεύθερον Προσφύγων - 172 inhabitants
    • Local community Fellio - Τ. Κ. Φελλίου - 1,094 inhabitants
      • Eleftherochori - Ελευθεροχώρι - 59 inhabitants
      • Fellio - Φελλίο - 1,035 inhabitants
    • Local community Kalochio - Τ. Κ. Καλοχίου - 106 inhabitants
      • Agapi - Αγάπη - 26 inhabitants
      • Kalochio - Καλόχιο - 31 inhabitants
      • Mesolakkos - Μεσόλακκος - 49 inhabitants
    • Local community Kyrakali - Τ. Κ. Κυρακαλής (Κυρακαλή) - 130 inhabitants
    • Local community Megalos Sirinos - Τ. Κ. Μεγάλου Σειρηνίου - 555 inhabitants
      • Mega Sirino - Μέγα Σειρήνιο - 461 inhabitants
      • Mikro Sirino - Μικρό Σειρήνιο - 94 inhabitants
    • Local community Myrsina - Τ. Κ. Μυρσίνης - 343 inhabitants
      • Asprokambos - Ασπρόκαμπος - 80 inhabitants
      • Myrsina - Μυρσίνα - 263 inhabitants
    • Local community Rodia - Τ. Κ. Ροδιάς (Ροδιά) - 252 inhabitants
    • Local community Syndendro - Τ. Κ. Συνδένδρου (Σύνδενδρο) - 383 inhabitants
    • Local community Vatolakkos - Τ. Κ. Βατολάκκου (Βατόλακκος) - 287 inhabitants
  • Irakleotes Municipality - 1,890 inhabitants
    • Agios Georgios locality - Τ. Κ. Αγίου Γεωργίου - 452 inhabitants
    • Local community Aidonia - Τ. Κ. Αηδονίων - 64 inhabitants
      • Aidonia - Αηδόνια - 53 inhabitants
      • Dasaki - Δασάκι - 11 inhabitants
    • Local community Kivotos - Τ. Κ. Κιβωτού - 417 inhabitants
    • Local community Klimataki - Τ. Κ. Κληματακίου - 82 inhabitants
    • Local community Kokkina - Τ. Κ. Κοκκινιάς - 242 inhabitants
      • Kokkinia - Κοκκινιά - 223 inhabitants
      • Nea Trapezous - Νέα Τραπεζούς - 19 inhabitants
    • Local community Milea - Τ. Κ. Μηλέας - 205 inhabitants
    • Local community Polydendro - Τ. Κ. Πολυδένδρου - 172 inhabitants
    • Local community Taxiarchis - Τ. Κ. Ταξιάρχου - ο Ταξιάρχης - 256 inhabitants
  • Parish and local community Mesolouri - Μεσολούρι - 33 inhabitants
  • Parish and local community Perivoli - Περιβόλι - 21 inhabitants
  • Parish and local community Samarina - Σαμαρίνα - 378 inhabitants
  • Municipality and local community Smixi - Σμίξη - 454 inhabitants
  • Theodoros Ziakas municipality - 1,297 inhabitants
    • Local community Alatopetra - Τ. Κ. Αλατόπετρας - 76 inhabitants
    • Local community Anavryta - Τ. Κ. Αναβρυτών - 23 inhabitants
    • Local community Ziakas - Τ. Κ. Ζιάκα - 157 inhabitants
      • Perivolaki - Περιβολάκι - 12 inhabitants
      • Ziakas - Ζιάκας - 145 inhabitants
    • Local community Kosmati - Τ. Κ. Κοσματίου - 134 inhabitants
    • Local community Lavdas - Τ. Κ. Λάβδα - 49 inhabitants
    • Local community Mavranei - Τ. Κ. Μαυραναίων - 289 inhabitants
      • Marvonoros - Μαυρονόρος - 78 inhabitants
      • Mavranei - Μαυραναίοι - 229 inhabitants
      • Stavros - Σταυρός - 52 inhabitants
    • Local community Monachiti - Τ. Κ. Μοναχιτίου - 98 inhabitants
    • Local community Panorama - Τ. Κ. Πανοράματος - 32 inhabitants
    • Local community Polyneri - Τ. Κ. Πολυνερίου - 85 inhabitants
    • Local community Prosvorro - Τ. Κ. Προσβόρρου - 39 inhabitants
    • Local community Spileo - Τ. Κ. Σπηλαίου - 187 inhabitants
    • Local community Trikomo - Τ. Κ. Τρικώμου - 128 inhabitants
      • Parorio - Παρόρειο - 12 inhabitants
      • Trikomo - Τρίκωμο - 116 inhabitants
  • Ventzio municipality - 1,969 inhabitants
    • Local community Exarchos - Τ. Κ. Εξάρχου - 110 inhabitants
      • Exarchos Έξαρχος - 62 inhabitants
      • Varis Βάρης - 48 inhabitants
    • Local community Kendro - Τ. Κ. Κέντρου - 232 inhabitants
      • Agalei - Αγαλαίοι - 47 inhabitants
      • Kendro - Κέντρο - 102 inhabitants
      • Nisi - Νησί - 83 inhabitants
    • Local community Knidi - Τ. Κ. Κνίδης - 610 inhabitants
      • Itea - Ιτέα - 133 inhabitants
      • Knidi - Κνίδη - 264 inhabitants
      • Mikroklisoura - Μικροκλεισούρα - 63 inhabitants
      • Pistiko - Πιστικό - 50 inhabitants
      • Poros - Πόρος - 100 inhabitants
    • Local community Paleochori - Τ. Κ. Παλαιοχωρίου - 237 inhabitants
    • Local community Pondini - Τ. Κ. Ποντινής - 333 inhabitants
    • Local community Pylori - Τ. Κ. Πυλωρών - 69 inhabitants
    • Local community Sarakina - Τ. Κ. Σαρακήνας - 378 inhabitants
      • Diporo - Δίπορο - 85 inhabitants
      • Neochori Νεοχώρι - 116 inhabitants
      • Sarakina - Σαρακήνα - 177 inhabitants

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The inhabitants live from agriculture , animal husbandry and handicrafts . The livestock is kept at relatively high altitudes of 1000 to 1500 m, where the herds of the livestock sometimes also overwinter. Wheat, barley and other fodder are grown in the Greveniotis valley.

Part of the population works in the service sector as a service center for the Grevena regional district.

The Vasilitsa Ski Area is 45 km from the town of Grevena.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
  2. ↑ JS Gandeto. Ancient Macedonians: Differences Between the Ancient Macedonians and the Ancient Greeks. Writer's Showcase Press, 2002. pp. 10 ff. ISBN 0-595-23306-6
  3. ↑ a b Paul Magdalino. The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180. Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 136. ISBN 0-521-52653-1
  4. ↑ William Martin Leake. Travels in Northern Greece. Volume 1. J. Rodwell, 1835. p. 303.
  5. ↑ William Kinnaird Rose. With the Greeks in Thessaly. Methuen & Co, 1897. Reprint by Adamant Media Corporation. P. 055. ISBN 1-4021-0628-9
  6. ^ Charles Clive Bigham Mersey. With the Turkish Army in Thessaly. Macmillan, 1897. pp. 33ff.
  7. ↑ Newspaper article in the Embros newspaper of October 19, 1912 (Julian calendar), page 4.
  8. ↑ Elizabeth Kontogiorgi. Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Rural Settlement of Refugees 1922-1930. Oxford University Press, 2006. p. 151. ISBN 0-19-927896-2
  9. ↑ Elizabeth Kontogiorgi. Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Rural Settlement of Refugees 1922-1930. Oxford University Press, 2006. p. 183. ISBN 0-19-927896-2
  10. ↑ Elizabeth Kontogiorgi. Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Rural Settlement of Refugees 1922-1930. Oxford University Press, 2006. p. 199. ISBN 0-19-927896-2
  11. ↑ a b Military History Research Office (ed.). Germany and the Second World War . Oxford University Press , 1998. p. 509. ISBN 0-19-822884-8
  12. ↑ Davide Rodogno. Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War. Cambridge University Press , 2006. p. 105. ISBN 0-521-84515-7
  13. ↑ Mark Mazower . Inside Hitler's Greece. The Experience of Occupation, 1941-44. Yale University Press , New Haven, CT. ISBN 0-300-06552-3 . P. 136
  14. ^ Hermann Frank Meyer: Bloody edelweiss. The 1st Mountain Division in World War II , Links-Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3861534471 Outline google.books p. 579 f.
  15. ^ CM Woodhouse. The Struggle for Greece, 1941-1949. Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1976. Reprint C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002. p. 184. ISBN 1-85065-487-5
  16. ^ CM Woodhouse. The Struggle for Greece, 1941-1949. Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1976. Reprint C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002. p. 196. ISBN 1-85065-487-5
  17. ↑ New York Times newspaper article, July 26, 1947, p. 1.
  18. ↑ Angeliki E. Laiou. Population Movements in the Greek Countryside During the Civil War. In: Lars Bærentzen, John O. Iatrides, Ole Langwitz Smith (eds.). Studies in the History of the Greek Civil War, 1945-1949. Museum Tusculanum Press, 1987. p. 75. ISBN 87-7289-004-5
  19. ^ Giannis S. Koliopoulos, John S. Koliopoulos. Plundered Loyalties: Axis Occupation and Civil Strife in Greek West. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1999. pp. 270 ff. ISBN 1-85065-381-X
  20. ^ CM Woodhouse. The Struggle for Greece, 1941-1949. Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1976. Reprint C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002. p. 207. ISBN 1-85065-487-5
  21. ↑ Angeliki E. Laiou. Population Movements in the Greek Countryside During the Civil War. In: Lars Bærentzen, John O. Iatrides, Ole Langwitz Smith (eds.). Studies in the History of the Greek Civil War, 1945-1949. Museum Tusculanum Press, 1987. p. 86. ISBN 87-7289-004-5
  22. ↑ G. Drakatos, D. Papanastassiou, G. Papadopoulos, H. Skafida, G. Stavrakakis. Relationship between the 13 May 1995 Kozani-Grevena (NW Greece) earthquake and the Polyfyto artificial lake. Engineering Geology 51, 1998: 65-74.
  23. ↑ a b Catherine Morgan. Cultural subzones in Early Iron Age and Archaic Arcadia? In: Thomas Heine Nielsen, James Roy (eds.). Defining Ancient Arkadia: Symposium, April, 1-4 1998. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 1999. p. 393. ISBN 87-7876-160-3