Amyndeo

Amyndeo community Δήμος Αμυνταίου (Αμύνταιο)
Basic data
State :	Greece
Region :	Western Macedonia
Regional District :	Florina
Geographic coordinates :	40 ° 41 ′  N , 21 ° 41 ′  E Coordinates: 40 ° 41 ′  N , 21 ° 41 ′  E
Area :	589.369 km²
Residents :	16,973 (2011)
Population density :	28.8 inhabitants / km²
Post Code:	53200
Prefix:	(+30) 23860
Community logo:
Seat:	Amyndeo
LAU-1 code no .:	1702
Districts :	6 municipal districts
Local self-government :	1 city district 25 local communities
Website:	www.amyntaio.gr
Location in the West Macedonia region

Amyndeo ( Greek Αμύνταιο [ amindɛɔ ] ( . N sg. ), Alternative transcriptions Amynteo , Amyntaio; Name to 1928 Sorovits Σόροβιτς or Sorovitz . Maz / bulg. Сорович or Сурович or Суровичево , Turk. Soroviç ) is a community in the Greek region Western Macedonia . Of the 16,973 inhabitants, 4,306 live in the small town of Amyndeo.

The community is located in the Amyndeo wine-growing region of the same name .

geography

The area of ​​the municipality of Amyndeo extends in a north-east-south-west direction in north-east western Macedonia. It covers roughly the north-western part of the ancient Macedonian landscape of Eordaia , the south-western part of which corresponds approximately to the area of ​​the southeastern neighboring municipality of Eordea . To the north, Amyndeo borders on the municipality of Florina , whose territory corresponds to the ancient Lynkestis , from which the plain of Eordea and the municipality of Amyndeo are separated by a good 30 km long foothills of the eastern Verno Mountains. The village of Nymfeo in the southwest is in these mountains. To the northeast, the municipality of Edessa  borders Amyndeo, the municipality border runs through Lake Vegoritida . At the southwestern end of the municipality, the municipality continues into the mountains, southwest of the village of Lechovo at an altitude of around 900 meters, the municipality meets that of the municipality of Kozani .

Four larger lakes with their reed-covered shorelines are characteristic of the landscape of the municipality: The largest is Lake Vegoritida in the northeast, to the west of it is Lake Petres , in the southwest of Lake Zazari and Lake Chimaditida , which are slightly higher and drain to the Petres lake. The three smaller lakes are entirely within the municipality's territory.

In addition to the landscape dominating Eordea plain, the municipality extends north of the Petres lake to the southwestern foothills and foothills of the Voras (Kaimaktsalan) in the northeast . The highest point of the municipality is the mountain Liliakos in the north (height 1,192 m). On its northern slopes is the village of Kella (or Kelli), in the vicinity of which the ancient Roman settlement of Kella is believed. To the northeast of Kella, the southwestern foothills of the Piperitsa (altitude 1,998 m) begin on the territory of the municipality of Florina. The north-eastern border of the municipality of Amyndeo is the mountain Varo (altitude 989 m), which lies immediately north of the village of Agios Pandelimonas on the western shore of Lake Vegoritida.

The hilly and mountainous landscapes in the municipality are characterized by karstification; the vegetation is sparse and consists mainly of grasses and bushes. Forest areas can only be found in the municipality in the area of ​​Xino Nero and in the southwest of the municipality on the foothills of the Verno.

The small town of Amyndeo, the largest settlement and seat of the municipality, is located on the Eordea plain, about 2 km south-southwest of Lake Petres. The flat stretches of land around Amyndeo and Filotas are used intensively for agriculture and therefore have no pristine sections.

From the municipality of Amyndeo, Florina is about 25 km east-northeast, the city of Ptolemaida in the municipality of Eordea 19 km in a south-southeast direction is 19 km away, to Thessaloniki in the east it is 108 km and to Athens 350 km in a southeast direction.

history

The time of settlement of the current urban area of ​​Amyndeo is not exactly known. Traces of settlement in the area of ​​the community can already be identified from early history. The lakes Petres and Vegoritida, together with the Eordaia plain to the south, were already a preferred settlement area for people in the early days.

Old trade routes

In the further course of history, the traffic-related and strategic location in particular of the northern municipality of Amyndeo became important, as the Via Egnatia from Byzantium via Thessaloniki to Dyrrachium led through the area in antiquity . Here was the western control point at the mountain passage of the Via Egnatia from the Central Macedonian lowlands to the Eordaia plain. In addition to the important east-west traffic axis, the traffic axis from north to south through the Eordaia plain gained importance in modern times. The Klidi Pass represented and represents the transition between the northern part of the Eordaia plain with the settlements of Florina and Bitola (Manastir in Ottoman times) and the southern part of the Eordaia plain with the settlements of Kozani and Ptolemaida (Kailar in Ottoman times) Via Kozani and Servia further south there was and is a connection to the north-eastern part of the Thessalian plain. This importance as a traffic junction or control point of traffic axes is still reflected today in the course of road and rail routes. It was underlined by the armed conflict in this region during several wars.

Ancient settlements

A Neolithic settlement was found near the village of Agios Pandelimonas. Russian archaeologists excavated the remains of the settlement on the land bridge between Lake Petres and Vegoritida here in 1897, including a necropolis with 376 graves and grave goods. The excavated objects are now in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul . Remains of other settlements from the Bronze and Iron Ages have been discovered in the wider area of ​​Agios Pandelimonas . A 7,300 year old wooden floor was found in a very good condition. Furthermore, 358 graves of a necropolis were discovered, together with the grave goods contained therein. Apparently, the area of ​​the community Amyndeo had been continuously inhabited since the 6th millennium BC at the latest. To the northwest and west of Agios Pandelimomas in the area of ​​the locality Kella (Kelli) the remains of the Roman settlement Cella (Cellae, Kella) are assumed, the position of which has been handed down in writing. This settlement is said to have originated in Roman times and served as a stopover on the route of the ancient Via Egnatia, which ran north of Lake Petres from Byzantium via Thessaloniki to Dyrrachium. The position of the ancient settlement of Kella has not yet been secured by excavations. Another ancient settlement was on the Gradiska mountain north of Amyndeo and northwest of the village of Petres, as well as on the southwestern bank of Lake Petres. The remains of this settlement are currently being excavated.

Late antiquity and the Middle Ages

Eordaia, and with it the municipality of Amyndeo, became part of the kingdom of Macedonia under his king Philip II . It remained under Macedonian suzerainty until the defeat of the Kingdom of Macedonia under Perseus in the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC. Against an army of the Roman Empire . As a result of the Macedonian defeat, the Eordaia region became part of the Roman province of Macedonia and remained so until the division of the empire in 395 AD. The construction and operation of the Via Egnatia gave the Eordaia region an important status, which was manifested in the ancient settlements of Kella and Petres . After the Roman Empire was divided into a western and an eastern part in 395 AD, the municipality of Amyndeo fell to the Eastern Roman Empire, later the Byzantine Empire . Due to its location on the Via Egnatia, the area was of greater importance, as the Via Egnatia connected the parts of the empire located in southern Italy and the parts of the empire located in Greece and Asia Minor. The previous population structure of the Eordaia was permanently changed from the 7th century AD by the influx of Slavs and was contested with the Bulgarian Empire in the following centuries .

Modern times

The villages of Agios Pandelimonas, Petres and Kella have obviously been inhabited since ancient times. In contrast, the small town and at the same time the parish seat Amyndeo, according to written sources, did not come into being until the middle of the 18th century AD. When this settlement was founded, families from the surrounding mountain villages are said to have moved to the fertile plain. The name of the place or settlement at that time was Sorovits or Soroviç. At the end of the 18th century, the settlement on the site of today's Amyndeo came under the rule of Ali Pascha Tepelena (Pascha of Ioannina). At the end of the 19th century, Sorovits was assigned as an "estate" (Turkish çiftlik , Greek tsiflíki / τσιφλίκι) Rauf Pascha (Greek Reouf Pasa , Turkish Rauf Paşa ).

The population structure of the community of Amyndeo changed according to the course of history. The population of Sorovits appears to have been predominantly of Ottoman origin; a Greek part of the population was in the minority at the time. Slavic Macedonians and Bulgarians certainly also settled in Sorovits.

In 1892 a new era began for Sorovits with the completion of the Thessaloniki-Edessa-Florina-Monastir railway line. The route ran via Sorovits and connected the settlement to the railway line by means of a train station. During the Ilinden uprising in 1903, Amyndeo (Sorovits) was twice the site of armed clashes between the insurgents and Ottoman troops. On August 7, 1903, four Ottoman battalions defeated 1,700 Bulgarian insurgents (the language used at the time) with artillery. 150 insurgents were killed by Ottoman troops less than a week later in the area around Sorovits (Amyndeo). The first Balkan War in 1912 results in the loss of Ottoman rule over Sorovits: it falls to Greece after fierce fighting. The Greek army was able to capture Sorovits for the first time on October 18, 1912. Only four to six days later, the Ottoman forces succeed in retaking the small town. The re-established Ottoman rule lasted just under a month: on November 23, 1912, Sorovits was finally taken by Greek troops. Under Greek rule, the village with a population of more than 4,000 was a municipality (Dimos). The first mayor of the city was Grigorios Nikolaidis.

The main street in the center of the small town of Amyndeo.

Greek Orthodox Church in the center of Amyndeo.

The village of Agios Pandelimonas in the municipality of the same name. In the background Lake Vegoritida.

First World War

During the First World War , Sorovits was repeatedly the scene of armed clashes between the allied troops of Serbia , England and France and the Central Powers with Bulgaria , Austria-Hungary and the German Empire . After the attack by Austria-Hungary on Serbia, Serbia was conquered by the armed forces of the Central Powers (including Bulgaria after its entry into the war on the side of the Central Powers). The Serbian army was driven from Serbia towards Montenegro on the Adriatic coast and then taken to the island of Corfu by French ships. Despite Bulgaria's entry into the war, which after the lost second Balkan War in 1913 still had territorial claims with regard to Central and Eastern Macedonia and Western Thrace, the northern Greek border was respected until 1916 as a result of Greek neutrality at the beginning of the First World War. With the landing of French and British troops in Thessaloniki in 1915, Greek neutrality officially lasted until 1917, but in fact Greece joined the Allied powers of the Entente. On June 19, 1916, Bulgarian troops began their advance on Greek territory north of Florina. After little fighting at first, the Bulgarian armed forces succeeded in taking the city of Florina on August 18, 1916. The Greek troops in the affected areas did not take part in the fighting and remained neutral. The population of Florina fled from the advancing Bulgarian troops in the direction of Sorovits. In the days that followed, fighting broke out between the Bulgarian and Serbian troops around the ridges of the Liliako and Klidi passes. On August 22nd, Vevi fell to the Bulgarians, one day later the Bulgarians conquered the ridges of the Liliakos east of the Klidi Pass and on August 24th the Bulgarian armed forces reached the shores of Lake Vegoritida (Ostrovo Lake) and thus the later municipal area by Amyndeo. On August 25, the Serbian armed forces succeeded in retaking hills in the Liliakos massif. In the following days, Sorovits was also captured by the Bulgarian troops. On September 13, 1916, Serbian and French troops retook Sorovits from the Bulgarians. Four days later, the mountain ranges of the Klidi Pass with the Mala Reka were under Serbian and thus Allied control.

Between the world wars

In 1918 Sorovits again became a rural community (Kinotita). This may be related to a population drop below 4,000. After the Greek defeat at the end of the Greco-Turkish War in 1922, the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 resulted in an agreement on a “ population exchange ” between Greece and Turkey. 1.5 million Greeks then had to leave Asia Minor, Eastern Thrace and the Black Sea coast, and 0.5 million Turks were expelled from their traditional settlement areas in northern Greece. The majority of the inhabitants of Sorovits of Turkish origin are covered by this "regulation" and have to leave the city. Instead of the Turkish residents, Greek refugees from Asia Minor, Eastern Thrace and the Black Sea coast were settled in Amyndeo.

In 1928 the village Sorovits was renamed Amyndeo by decree of the Greek President Pavlos Koundouriotis . The namesake was the Macedonian king Amyntas III. As early as 1926, apart from the small town of Amyndeo, the current parts of the municipality were renamed (old name in brackets): Xyno Nero (Exisou or Eksisou), Rodonas (Gioulents), Sotir (Soter), Kelli (Gornicevo), Fanos (Spantsi) and Klidi (Tserovo) .

Second World War

After the Battle of Vevi and the breakthrough of the British-Australian-New Zealand-Greek defense lines of the Klidi Pass north of Amyndeo, Amyndeo was captured on April 12, 1941 by German Wehrmacht troops as part of the Marita company during World War II . Amyndeo remained occupied by German troops until November 6, 1944. Two years after the end of the German occupation, Amyndeo became a town again (Dimos).

Greek Civil War

In the Greek civil war from 1946 to 1949, Amyndeo was often the scene of battles between the left-wing rebels under communist leadership and the regular, more right-wing Greek army. On the night of April 28, 1947, the insurgents attacked the city of Amyndeo. The goals were the barracks of the Greek army, the apartment of the local police commander and the barracks for guarding the power station. The attack took place from 11 pm to 4 am; then the insurgents withdrew. At the same time, the police station in Xino Nero and the barracks in Kato Vevi were attacked. On August 16, 1947, the insurgents blew up a section of the railway line between Florina and Thessaloniki. On September 12, 1947, the Greek army and police began a counter-offensive against the insurgents. Military operations were carried out in the villages of Pedino, Rodana and Petrochori. As a result of these actions by the Greek armed forces, the insurgents are said to have withdrawn further into the surrounding mountains. On January 20, 1948, a bus was blown up in a mine, killing 6 people and injuring 6 others. On January 22, 1948, this action led to another so-called “cleanup” by the Greek army and police between Amyndeo and Xino Nero. On October 15, 1948, the rebels attacked Amyndeo with a mortar. At the same time, the villages of Lakka and Filota are attacked by insurgents. On January 18, 1949, there was heavy fighting between the Greek army and the rebels at Amyndeo and Flambouro. On the side of the Greek army, the air force is deployed with 35 attack flights and bombings against the estimated 600 insurgents. 75 insurgents were killed in these fighting; There is no information on the number of victims on the part of the Greek army. On April 17, 1949 insurgents attacked Amyndeo from the west and south with 2 anti-aircraft guns and 2 mountain guns coming from Mount Vitsi. The garrison of the Greek army and the local police repel the attack and pursue the rebels in the plain southwest of Amyndeo towards the mountains. The fighting left 2 dead and 16 injured on the army side, 112–121 dead and 53–72 prisoners on the part of the insurgents. Again the insurgents were fought with the inclusion of air strikes. Despite the losses in the attack on Amyndeo, the insurgents' readiness to fight was not broken. On May 10, 1949, insurgents attacked the village of Petres north of Amyndeo. The attack was repulsed. The attack on the village of Petres was the last insurgent attack on what is now the Amyndeo community. The Greek civil war ends two months later with the final defeat of the insurgent forces in the area of ​​Mount Gramos.

On August 6, 1949, members of the Amyndeo insurgent support organization were tried. A total of 150 people are charged in the Florina Military Court. The Florina-Amyndeo-Thessaloniki railway line was reopened on August 17, 1950 by the Greek Prime Minister Nikolaos Plastiras.

Community reform 1997

View of Lake Vegoritida from the north. At sea level the village of Agios Athanansios, on the mountain on the right the village (municipality) Kelli (Kella) of the municipality Amyndeo.

In 1997, as part of the reform of the Greek local government, the previously independent township (Dimos) Amyndeo was combined with 7 other independent rural communities (Kinotites) to form the significantly larger township of Amyndeo. Not only were the villages in the immediate vicinity of Amyndeo added to the new municipality, but also the village of Agios Pandelimonas on the north bank of Lake Petres, 8 km away, and the village of Kella (Kelli) even further north, became part of the municipality of Amyndeo using traffic connections. The small town of Amyndeo itself provided more than half of the population of the new community.

Administrative reform 2010

With the administrative reform , the area of ​​the municipality was more than doubled, the neighboring municipalities of Aetos , Filotas , Lechovo , Nymfeo and Variko , which had existed in this form since 1997 , were merged with Amyndeo and since then have formed municipal districts in the new municipality of Amyndeo, as well as the existing municipality itself. The community is further subdivided into the municipality of Amyndeo and 25 local communities. The parish seat is in the city of Amyndeo.

Parish	Greek name	code	Area (km²)	Residents 2011	City district / local communities (Δημοτική / Τοπική Κοινότητα)	location
Amyndeo	Δημοτική Ενότητα Αμυνταίου	170201	249,852	7612	Amyndeo, Agios Pandeleimonas, Lella, Kleidi, Xino Nero, Petres, Rodonas, Fanos
Aetos	Δημοτική Ενότητα Αετού	170202	134.092	2952	Agrapidees, Aetos, Anargyri, Asprogia, Valtonera, Limnochori, Pedino, Sklithro
Varico	Δημοτική Ενότητα Βαρικού	170203	021,877	0638	Varico
Lechovo	Δημοτική Ενότητα Λεχόβου	170204	022.844	1115	Lechovo
Nymfeo	Δημοτική Ενότητα Νυμφαίου	170205	028.209	0132	Nymfeo
Filotas	Δημοτική Ενότητα Φιλώτα	170206	132.495	4524	Andigonos, Vegora, Levea, Maniaki, Pelargos, Farangi, Filotas
total		1702	589,369	16973

Economy and Infrastructure

Amyndeo lignite mine and lignite power plant.

Amyndeo Station, photographed 1894.

The economy in Amyndeo had agriculture as its mainstay until the discovery of the extensive lignite or brown coal deposits in the Eordaia plain. In addition to the cultivation of grain, the cultivation of wine in Amyndeo has long been of outstanding economic importance. The cultivation of wine is said to have already taken place in ancient times. The cultivation area is the highest in Greece with an altitude of 600 to 750 m above sea level. The area devoted to viticulture is 7,500 hectares, on which the Xinomavro and Poploka grape varieties are grown. Amyndeo wines are classified as wines of above average quality in Greece. A winery was established in Amyndeo in 1960 and currently produces 750,000 bottles of wine per year. Red, white and rosé wines are produced. The pomace brandy Tsipouro is also made in Amyndeo. From 2008, the potato cultivation in Amyndeo will supply a potato chip factory. In addition to the cultivation of wine, Amyndeo’s new economic mainstay is the extraction of lignite and lignite. Like the entire plain of Eordaia from the north of Kozani, there are also considerable deposits of this fossil fuel in the Amyndeo area: the reserves in the Ptolemaida-Amyndeo area are estimated at 2.1 million tons of lignite. It is extracted from the open-cast mine southwest of Amyndeo and used to generate energy, for example, in the Filota coal-fired power station; 12% of Greek lignite mining is carried out in Amyndeo. However, the calorific value of Greek lignite is low in an international and domestic Greek comparison. The incineration for the purpose of generating electricity also produces a significant environmental impact, which is less clearly visible and noticeable in Amyndeo than in the neighboring villages of Ptolemaida and Filota. The availability of a district heating supply for Amyndeo is advantageous in relation to the environmental conditions . This will be realized by the nearby coal-fired power plants with a capacity of 40 MWth.

Amyndeo is located in the immediate vicinity (approx. 2 km) of an important transport hub in the Florina prefecture. In the west of the small town, the national road 3 ( European route 65 ) runs together with the national road 2 ( European route 86 ) from Florina and Vevi in ​​the north and north-west to Ptolemaida and Kozani in the south. The Klidi Pass, north-west of Amyndeo, was a bottleneck for traffic in the past due to the winding route and the poor condition of the road. In the winter months, the Klidi Pass was also blocked by snowfalls. Since 2004, national roads 2 and 3 have been re-routed and removed the pre-existing bottleneck. To the west of Amyndeo, National Road 2 branches off from National Road 3 and runs from west to east in the direction of Edessa and Thessaloniki. Until the 1990s, a section of National Road 2 ran through the middle of the small town; since the late 1990s, Amyndeo has been bypassed by National Road 2. A road to Kastoria leads to the west over the villages of Aetos and Lechovo and then the Klisoura pass between the Sinisiatiko in the south and the Vitsi in the north .

The Thessaloniki-Edessa-Amyndeo-Florina railway line runs along the western shore of Lake Vegoritida from the northeast into the small town of Amyndeo. At the passage from Amyndeo a branch line to Ptolemaida and on to Kozani is released. The main route passes Amyndeo in an arc running from northeast to northwest and then runs essentially parallel to the old route of national road 2 or 3 over the Klidi pass to Vevi and on to Florina. From 2002 to the end of 2006, extensive repair work was carried out on the railway line. These have meanwhile been completed and the railway line between Edessa and Florina has been fully open since January 19, 2007. An expansion of the railway line with a connection to Bitola in Macedonia (currently only available to a limited extent) and continuation of the route to Kalambaka and Ioannina are planned. Amyndeo is also a public bus transportation hub in Florina Prefecture. The KTEL buses, which provide overland transport in Greece, pass Amyndeo at short intervals with connections to Florina, Thessaloniki, Ptolemaida and Kozani.

In Amyndeo there is a garrison of the Greek Army : the 28th Infantry Regiment of the 1st Greek Army is stationed there. The barracks are located at the western entrance to the small town.

Attractions

• Petres lake
• Vegoritida lake
• Ancient settlement of Petres
• Neolithic settlement and necropolis of Agios Pandelimonas

• 

  Main street in Amyndeo

• 

  The village of Nymfeo

• 

  The village of Sklithro from the air

• 

  The Vegoritida Lake

Web links

• Website of the municipality (Dimos) Amyndeo (Greek)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Article in the Greek newspaper Kathimerini, English edition of February 3, 2007 ( Memento of July 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (in English).
3. ↑ Newspaper article in the British newspaper The Times, August 8, 1903, p. 5.
4. ↑ New York Times newspaper article, August 13, 1903.
5. ↑ New York Times newspaper article from June 20, 1916 (in English, PDF file)
6. ^ New York Times newspaper article from August 19, 1916 (in English, PDF file)
7. ↑ New York Times newspaper article from August 21, 1916 (in English, PDF file)
8. ↑ New York Times newspaper article from August 25, 1916 (in English, PDF file)
9. ↑ New York Times newspaper article from August 23, 1916 (in English, PDF file)
10. ↑ New York Times newspaper article from August 24, 1916 (in English, PDF file)
11. ^ New York Times newspaper article from September 2, 1916 (in English, PDF file)
12. ↑ New York Times newspaper article from September 14, 1916 (in English)
13. ↑ New York Times newspaper article from September 17, 1916 (in English)
14. ↑ Decree of the President of July 19, 1928. Published in the government newspaper (Efimeris tis Kyvernisis) FEK 156, Volume A, p. 1233, right column, point 204, of August 8, 1928. Available at National Printing Office of Greece (Ethniko Typografio) ( in Greek). Last accessed: August 14, 2010.
15. ↑ Decree of the President of February 9, 1926. Published in the government newspaper (Efimeris tis Kyvernisis) FEK 55, Volume A, pp. 404 ff., Points 1, 5, 7, 12, of February 15, 1926. Available from the National Printing Office of Greece (Ethniko Typografio) (in Greek). Last accessed: August 14, 2010.
16. ^ McClymont WG. To Greece. New Zealand in the Second World War 1939-1945. P. 211ff. (available online from the New Zealand Electronic Text Center; last accessed November 2, 2007)
17. ↑ Newspaper article of the newspaper Eleftheria of April 29, 1947, page 4, right column. Available online freely through the National Library of Greece. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
18. ↑ Newspaper article of the newspaper Eleftheria of August 17, 1947, page 4, right column. Available online freely through the National Library of Greece. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
19. ↑ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of September 13, 1947, p. 4. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
20. ↑ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of January 21, 1948, page 4. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
21. ^ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of January 23, 1948, p. 4. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
22. ↑ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of October 16, 1948, p. 4. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
23. ^ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of January 19, 1949, p. 4. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
24. ^ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of January 20, 1949, p. 5. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
25. ↑ Newspaper article of the newspaper Eleftheria of April 19, 1949, page 6. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
26. ^ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of May 11, 1949, p. 4. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
27. ^ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of August 7, 1949, p. 6. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
28. ^ Newspaper article in the Eleftheria newspaper of August 18, 1950, p. 4. Available online freely through the Greek National Library. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Greek)  
29. ↑ Kallikratis Program, Law 3852/2010, «Νέα Αρχιτεκτονική της Αυτοδιοίκησης και της Αποκεντρωμένης ΔιοκεντρωμΠνης Διοίκησης - Πρόγραμημα άρτάτης τρτάτης. ΦΕΚ 87 A / 7.6.2010, Άρθρο 1. Σύσταση δήμων. P. 1793. PDF Online (Greek)
30. ↑ Athens News Agency press release on the signing of the contract to build and operate a potato chip factory in Amyndeo on March 31, 2006 (in English)
31. ↑ ^{a b} Emilios Boussios. Solid fuels. In: ICAP / Delos Communications. The Energy Market in Greece (study of the energy industry in Greece). Chapter 5, Section 5.2. Page 118 ( Memento from February 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
32. ↑ Emilios Boussios. Solid fuels. In: ICAP / Delos Communications. The Energy Market in Greece (study of the energy industry in Greece). Chapter 5, Section 5.3. Page 119 ( Memento from February 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
33. ^ AG Triantafyllou, S. Zoras and V. Evagelopoulos. Particulate Matter Over A Seven Year Period in Urban and Rural Areas Within, Proximal and Far from Mining and Power Station Operations in Greece. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. Volume 122, Numbers 1-3. November 2006. Pages 41-60.
34. ↑ Kostas Theophylactus. District Heating / Cooling in Greece: The role of CHP. Presentation at the COGEN conference. PDF file. ( Memento of the original from April 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
35. ↑ Press release of the Athens News Agency of January 17, 2007 about the reopening of the Edessa-Amyndeo-Florina railway line. (in English)
36. ↑ AGREEMENT On the establishment of a high performance railway network in South East Europe (in English)
37. ↑ List of NATO forces (NATO Order of Battle, Version 3.0, 1989) (in English)