Ray Broadame

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Ray Broadame
Rays broad seeds, double umbels with flowers and fruits

Rays broad seeds, double umbels with flowers and fruits

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Genre : Ray umbel ( Orlaya )
Type : Ray Broadame
Scientific name
Orlaya grandiflora
( L. ) Hoffm.

The ray-broad seed ( Orlaya grandiflora , syn .: Caucalis grandiflora ), also called large-ray umbel , large-flowered ray umbel and large- flowered broad -seed , is a species of plant that belongs to the umbelliferous family (Apiaceae). In Germany, the species, which was originally widespread in the Mediterranean area, occurs only sporadically, in Austria rarely to very rarely.

Description and ecology

Illustration by Jacob Sturm , 1796

Vegetative characteristics

The ray broad seed is an upright, often strongly branched, annual plant that reaches heights of between 10 and 30 (occasionally up to 70) centimeters. The stem is bare and angular-furrowed. The leaves are pinnate two to three times. They are bald or on the underside scattered bristly and ciliate on the edge. The lower leaves are stalked, the upper ones sitting on their leaf sheaths. The last-order leaf lobes are narrow and usually no more than 1 millimeter wide.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is usually in June and July. The double-gold inflorescence is five to twelve-pointed. It has a diameter of about five centimeters. The number of broad white skin-margined bracts is usually five. They are almost as long as the umbel rays. The husk leaves are elliptical-lanceolate, suddenly pointed and usually longer than the celiac rays. The little bulbs consist of two to four female flowers and a larger number of male flowers.

The hermaphrodite flowers are fivefold. The outer petals of the flowers on the edge are conspicuously enlarged compared to the petals of the inner flowers and have deep bilobes. They can be up to 18 millimeters long and have two columns almost to the bottom. They are almost ten times as long as the other petals.

Double achaines are formed. The individual fruits are egg-shaped with a length of 6 to 8 millimeters and densely covered with about 3 millimeter long spines, which is used by animals to spread ( epichory ). The fruit holders have two columns up to the middle.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.

Occurrence and endangerment

The broad-ray broadsame originally occurs in the following countries: Algeria, Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Sicily, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Czech Republic, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Hungary , Bulgaria, Romania, Crete, Turkey, Georgia, Ukraine, Jordan and Israel.

The radiant broadsame, which was originally widespread in the Mediterranean area, only reached central Central Europe as an archaeophyte through humans. In the past centuries it was often found there in fields, vineyards, wasteland and dry meadows on calcareous, rather dry soils . He is or was in Central Europe a character species of the Caucalido Scandicetum from the Caucalidion lappulae association.

The occurrences in Germany are extinguished in many cases and the radiation broadsame is currently only detected in Thuringia and isolated between the Main and Danube. A large number of the plants can be found in Heidenheim an der Brenz below the local Hellenstein Castle and are known under the name "Heidenheim Castle Flower". In the all-German Red List of Endangered Vascular Plants as well as in the Red Lists for Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Thuringia, it is therefore listed as threatened with extinction.

In Austria, the radiant broadsame occurs rarely to very rarely in the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland , Carinthia (near the Federaun castle ruins ) and in Tyrol (near Innsbruck and Landeck ) at the colline to submontane altitude level . The deposits are concentrated in the Pannonian area . The radiant broadsame is considered to be endangered, in the Carinthian basin and valley landscapes and in the foreland north of the Alps as threatened with extinction.

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the radiation broad seed: Ackerklette, Ackerlaus ( Eifel ), Breitsame, Klemm ( Württemberg near Baer), Klettenkörfel and Waldkletten.

Name declaration

The generic name Orlaya honors the Hungarian theologian and doctor János (Johann) Orlay (1770–1829).

photos

  • Habitus

  • Double umbel seen from above with the corona of the outer petals

  • Double umbel seen from below

  • Fruiting umbel

  • Fruits, herbarium evidence

  • Döldchen with fruits

  • Partial fruit

  • Existed in a natural habitat

swell

literature

  • Martin Hanf: color atlas field flora. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-4074-8 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 4 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Haloragaceae to Apiaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3315-6 , pp. 254-255 .
  • Albert Thellt in Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Volume V.2. Reprint of the 1st edition. Munich 1965, pages 1069-1071. (Description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm., Strahl-Breitsame. In: FloraWeb.de. Last accessed September 12, 2015.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 704 .
  3. ^ R. Hand (2011): Apiaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Data sheet Orlaya
  4. ↑ Silja Kummer A threatened gem: Orlaya grandiflora, the Heidenheimer Edelweiss. Society of Ostrich Friends, regional group Ostalb / Danube. ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gds-staudenfreunde.de
  5. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 131. ( online ).
  7. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 . doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016

Web links

Commons : Rays-Broad-Name ( Orlaya grandiflora )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files