Great stone graves near Kläden
| Great stone graves near Kläden | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Coordinates | Cladding 1 , cladding 2 | ||
| place | Bismark (Altmark) , Saxony-Anhalt , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3700 to 3350 BC Chr. | ||
The megalithic graves near Kläden were originally six megalithic tombs from the Neolithic deep-engraving ceramic culture near Kläden , a district of the town of Bismark (Altmark) in the Stendal district , Saxony-Anhalt . Only one of these still exists today. The remaining facilities were destroyed between the 18th and early 20th centuries. The stones from one of the destroyed graves were used to build a war memorial in 1931 .
location
The graves were in three places in the vicinity of Kläden. The preserved grave (KS 15) is located about 1.5 km northeast of the village, west of the road to Grünenwulsch . The grave KS 10 was south of the road to Beesewege near the municipality boundary and KS 11 across from it on the other side of the road. The graves KS 12-14 lay close together north of the road to Steinfeld on a sandy hill.
There are several other large stone graves in the vicinity. 2.2 km northwest of the preserved grave is the large stone grave Bülitz , 3 km north the large stone grave Hohenwulsch-Friedrichsfleiß and 3.2 km southeast the large stone grave Steinfeld . Not far from the location of the destroyed graves KS 10 and KS 11 is the large stone grave Beesewege .
Research history
The graves KS 12-14 were first mentioned by Johann Christoph Bekmann in his 1751 historical description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg . Johann Friedrich Danneil could only make out two graves at this point in 1838 (KS 12 and 13). The grave KS 14 was probably already destroyed by this time. Danneil also took up the two graves on the border with Beesewege, but overlooked the grave that is still preserved today. The grave KS 13 was partially excavated under Danneil's direction. In doing so, he brought a large number of sherds of deep engraving ceramics (3500-3000 BC) to light. When the old market stone graves were taken again in the early 1890s, Eduard Krause and Otto Schoetensack found that the two graves on the border with Beesewege had meanwhile been destroyed. Graves KS 12 and 13 were still preserved, but due to gravel mining, they were in an even worse condition than when Danneil was examined. Grave KS 13 was examined more closely by the two researchers. In addition, Krause and Schoetensack described grave KS 15 for the first time. In 1931, the remains of graves KS 12 and / or 13 were removed for the construction of a war memorial that was erected in the village in the churchyard. In 2003-04, all remaining large stone graves in the Altmark were recorded and measured as a joint project of the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology of Saxony-Anhalt , the Johann Friedrich Danneil Museum in Salzwedel and the association “Young Archaeologists of the Altmark”.
There are different numbers for the graves. In the following, the numbers that Krause and Schoetensack gave to the destroyed graves are used.
| official no. | Danneil (1843) | Krause / Schoetensack (1893) |
Beier (1991) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | D 7 | KS 10 | 1 | destroyed |
| - | D 8 | KS 11 | 2 | destroyed |
| - | D 9 | KS 12 | 3 | destroyed |
| - | D 10 | KS 13 | 4th | destroyed |
| - | - | KS 14 | 5 | destroyed |
| Fpl. 1 | - | KS 15 | 6th | receive |
description
The preserved grave
According to Hartmut Bock , Barbara Fritsch and Lothar Mittag , what still exists belongs to the large dolmen type , while Hans-Jürgen Beier classifies it as a presumed passage grave . The mound is oval. It has a length of 29.0 m, a width of 17.0 m and a height between 0.8 m and 1.0 m. It has drained heavily in the north, as there are several stones missing from the enclosure (barn bed). The enclosure is oriented south-north and probably slightly trapezoidal. It is 18.0 m long and between 7.5 m and 8.2 m wide. Of the original 26 stones, 19 have been preserved. There are other stones in the immediate vicinity, but they cannot be clearly assigned.
The burial chamber is oriented south-north and is located in the middle of the enclosure. It still consists of 20 comparatively small wall stones and six preserved (of the former seven) cap stones. No other wall stones have been preserved, the existing cap stones have largely broken and fallen into the chamber. The only remaining capstone measures 2.7 m × 1.6 m × 0.8 m. One of the broken capstones has a conspicuous, hook-shaped groove with a maximum width of 6 cm, a depth between 7 and 20 cm and a length of 45 cm. A gap between the wall and enclosure stones on the east side is probably related to the removal of the missing cap stone. It must have been removed by the 19th century at the latest, as documented by Eduard Krause and Otto Schoetensack from 1893 shows. The burial chamber is trapezoidal. With an inside length of 11.0 m, it is the largest in Saxony-Anhalt and between 1.5 m and 2.6 m wide.
The existing grave, as well as the large stone grave Bülitz , was bought in the 19th century by Canon C. LWA Theodosius von Levetzow to save it from destruction. A broken sandstone tablet on the east side of the grave testifies to this. This plaque was to be used for an Ernst Thälmann memorial around 1950 . However, since it broke during removal, it was left on site.
The destroyed graves
Grave KS 10
When Danneil examined the grave, it had a burial chamber with a length of 6.6 m and a width of 1.2 m. All of the wall stones were still there, but Danneil did not record their number. Only one of the capstones was left. Information on the alignment of the chamber is missing. Its type cannot be determined with certainty, but due to its size it must have been a large dolmen or a passage grave. Danneil did not mention a pile of hills or an enclosure.
Grave KS 11
The grave had a perimeter with a length of 13.2 m and a width of 3.5 m. The burial chamber was not described in detail by Danneil. Information on the alignment of the system is missing. When Danneil examined the grave, it was already in poor condition, as several stones from the chamber and the enclosure had already been removed.
Grave KS 12
Grave KS 12 had a north-south orientated barrow with a length of 12 m and a width of 6.6 m. The chamber in the southern part of the Hünenbett still had all the wall stones when Danneil took the picture, but the cap stones were missing. The dimensions of the chamber were not given by Danneil. Krause and Schoetensack still kept the grave as preserved, but did not provide any additional information. The exact type of grave can therefore no longer be determined.
Grave KS 13
The grave had a north-south oriented barren bed with a length of 37.7 m and a width of 12.6 m. During Danneil's investigation, about half of the system had fallen down the slope. The grave chamber in the southern part was not described in detail by Danneil, he only mentioned that the capstones were already missing. During his investigation, Danneil found several ornate ceramic fragments from the deep-engraved pottery.
Krause and Schoetensack found a clear deterioration in the state of preservation. There were only a few stones left in situ . During their investigation, they came across the remains of a possible Bronze Age reburial . Close together they found animal bones, an undecorated ceramic shard, a layer of small stones, as well as almost completely past (human?) Bones and a perforated bronze sheet.
Four stone axes also come from the large stone graves near Kläden. However, the exact circumstances of the find are unclear.
- Shards from grave KS 13 and stone axes
Grave KS 14
Grab KS 14 was only mentioned by Bekmann but not described in detail. From his information it can only be inferred that it had a north-south oriented megalithic bed, in the southern part of which the burial chamber was located.
The large stone grave Kläden in regional sagas
The large stone grave Kläden has found its way into the Altmark world of legends. A legend tells of two giants who lived in Kläden and Steinfeld (Altmark) . They got along well and shared a common oven in Kläden (perhaps this meant one of the local megalithic graves). The giant from Kläden was responsible for heating the stove. As soon as the oven was hot enough, he hit his baking trough and the giant from Steinfeld set off with his dough. One day, however, a fly sat on the little giant's back trough and was killed by him. The blow could be heard as far as Steinfeld. The giant there hadn't finished his dough and thought he had to hurry up now. When he finally got to Kläden, his friend had not yet heated the stove. The giant from Steinfeld thought he had been tricked and began to curse the giant from Kläden. He wanted to take revenge and after a chase back to Steinfeld, the two began to throw stones at each other. The stone grave in Steinfeld is said to come from this event .
See also
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings and the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Volume 1). Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 60.
- Johann Christoph Bekmann , Bernhard Ludwig Bekmann : Historical description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg according to their origin, inhabitants, natural characteristics, waters, landscapes, towns, clerical donors, etc. [...]. Vol. 1, Berlin 1751, p. 349 ( online version ).
- Hartmut Bock , Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Great stone graves of the Altmark . State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum for Prehistory, Halle (Saale) 2006, ISBN 3-939414-03-4 , pp. 88–90, 149–150, 190–191.
- Johann Friedrich Danneil : tombstones from pre-Christian times; Division of the various grave monuments from pagan times in the Altmark . In: First annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry . 1838, p. 45 ( PDF; 4.6 MB ).
- Johann Friedrich Danneil: Special evidence of the barrows in the Altmark . In: Sixth annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry . 1843, p. 95 ( PDF; 5.5 MB ).
- F. Hossfeld, E. Haetge: District of Stendal (= The art monuments of the province of Saxony. Volume 3). Burg 1933, pp. 120–121.
- Eduard Krause , Otto Schoetensack : The megalithic graves (stone chamber graves) of Germany . I .: Altmark . In: Journal of Ethnology . Vol. 25, 1893, pp. 137-138 / no. 15, Plates VI / 15, VII, 15 ( PDF; 39.0 MB ).
- Paul Kupka : The roots of Central German Stone Age pottery. In: Contributions to the history, regional and folklore of the Altmark. Volume 4, Issue 7, 1921, p. 364ff.
- Teachers' Association of the Altmark (ed.): Altmärkischer Sagenschatz. Leipzig / Berlin 1908, pp. 145–146.
- Alfred Pohlmann : Legends from the cradle of Prussia and the German Empire, the Altmark. Franzen & Große, Stendal 1901, p. 84.
- Joachim Preuss : The Altmark group of deep engraving ceramics (= publications of the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle. Volume 33). Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1980, pp. 110–111.
- Britta Schulze-Thulin : Large stone graves and menhirs. Saxony-Anhalt • Thuringia • Saxony . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2007, ISBN 978-3-89812-428-7 , p. 34.
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: Klaeden Steingrab 1 , Klaeden Steingrab 2
- KLEKs Online: Großsteingrab Kläden (1) , Großsteingrab Kläden (2)
- grosssteingraeber.de: The large stone grave Kläden near Stendal
- tw.strahl.org: Large stone grave "Kläden", Kläden, west of Stendal, Altmark
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006, p. 11.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006, pp. 88-89
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006, p. 90
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006, pp. 149-150
Map with all coordinates: