Grotów (Lipinki Łużyckie)
| Grotów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Żary | ||
| Gmina : | Lipinki Łużyckie | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 36 ' N , 14 ° 57' E | ||
| Residents : | 384 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 68-213 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 68 | ||
| License plate : | FZA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | A18 | ||
| Next international airport : | Poznań | ||
| Dresden | |||
Grotów ( pronunciation : [ ˈɡrɔtuf ]; German: Gräfenhain ) is a Schulzenamt in the Polish rural community of Lipinki Łużyckie in the district of Żary ( Lebus Voivodeship ).
geography
The forest hoof village of Grotów, about four kilometers long, is located in the south of the municipality on the Chaussee between Niwica (Zibelle) and Lipinki Łużyckie (Linderode) . From the federal highway 15 coming which runs northeast from the southeast Grotów Autostrada A18 to the A4 motorway , next junctions are Królów in the northwest ( Droga krajowa 12 ) and Zary in the southeast ( Droga krajowa 27 ).
The historical border with Niederlausitz runs just a few kilometers north of the originally Silesian town .
history
The village was founded by German settlers in the 13th century, and was first mentioned in a document in 1283. It belonged to the Lords of Hakenborn auf Priebus and Triebel, who sold Graefenhain to the Augustinian monastery in Sagan in 1388 . The church in Greiffenhayn was mentioned in 1346 in the register of the diocese of Meißen .
Duke Rudolf III. von Sachsen , father-in-law of Hans I. von Sagan , had the village plundered in 1413 after the abbot of the Sagan monastery had spoken out against Hans taking possession of the principality of Sagan . Even Hans II. Was the owners Grafe grove not kind and took the monks in 1454 the interest of the village to one year. At the instigation of the monastery, a fish pond was created in 1472.
Attempts to introduce the Reformation in 1527 were suppressed by the abbot, after a lengthy dispute the latter was able to prevail. In the course of the Counter Reformation in Silesia, the last Protestant pastor was expelled in 1668. Together with the Principality of Sagan, the village came to the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War . This resulted in the reintroduction of the evangelical faith. In addition to the existing Catholic school, the Protestant school was re-established in 1796. A Protestant church, however, was only built in the years 1829/1830. It was a daughter church of Reichenau , before the Protestant residents visited the church in Linderode .
The residents lived mainly from agriculture, as a side income they operated house weaving until this became unprofitable in the late 19th century due to industrial weaving.
When the Sagan district was dissolved , its western part came to the Rothenburg district in 1932 . After the city of Priebus, Graefenhain was the second largest of the places that became part of the Rothenburg district.
In February 1945 almost all of the residents gathered to flee the advancing Red Army. The escape route ran on side roads in the direction of Lausitzer Neisse (the nearby motorway was reserved for the Wehrmacht, which was retreating to the west). After the war ended on May 8, 1945, the majority of the Graefenhainers returned to their village. Due to the decline of the German Reich and the agreements of the Allies, which determined a westward shift of Poland to the Oder-Neisse line , the Graefenhainers were expelled from their homeland in June 1945 and Polish expellees were settled from the Polish east.
Together with most of the other communities in the eastern part of the Rothenburg district, the now called Grotów community came to Powiat Żarski , which emerged from the Polish part of the Sorauer district .
In March 1945 the SS blew up the tower of the Catholic Church in the belief that it would not have to offer any points of attack for the artillery of the Red Army. The badly damaged Catholic Church was not rebuilt. The former Protestant church is used instead for Catholic services.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| around 1785 | 592 |
| around 1820 | 695 |
| 1910 | 749 |
| 1933 | 707 |
| 1939 | 703 |
Around 1785 there were 49 farms , 35 gardeners and eight cottages in the village , whose residents Friedrich-Albert Zimmermann put at 592. Fifteen years later the number of economies was unchanged.
From the end of the 18th century to the early 20th century, the population rose from just under 600 to around 750, but fell to 700 by the outbreak of World War II.
literature
- Robert Pohl: Priebus and the villages of the former Sagan western part (= home book of the Rothenburg district O.-L. 2nd part). Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1934, OCLC 162758918 , p. 56-59 .
- Louis Badt: Review of my life [written down for my descendants in 1909/1910] . ( archive.org ).
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on May 28, 2017
- ^ A b Friedrich-Albert Zimmermann: Contributions to the description of Silesia . Seventh band. Tramp, Brieg 1787, p. 95 ( digitized in Google book search).
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell (Ed.): New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Second volume. Karl August Kümmel, Halle 1821, p. 71 ( digitized in Google book search).
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de: Sagan district. Retrieved March 27, 2010 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rothenburg district (Upper Lusatia). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Johann Adam Valentin Weigel: The principalities of Sagan and Breslau . In: Geographical, natural history and technological description of the sovereign Duchy of Silesia . tape 6 . Himburgische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1802, p. 20 ( Wikisource ).
