Gut Bischhausen

Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 17 "  N , 9 ° 50 ′ 57"  E

Gut Bischhausen​

Germany

Gut Bischhausen is a manor in Bischhausen that emerged from a former spur castle , today part of the core town of Witzenhausen in the Werra-Meißner district in northern Hesse . The estate, located on a terrace-like hill above the Werra , used to be the seat of the noble von Bischoffshausen family .

geography

The manor is located north of the Werra, about 1.5 kilometers northwest of the core town of Witzenhausen, and above the former village of Bischhausen (incorporated into Witzenhausen in 1928) on a mountain spur that extends from the northern summit of Badenstein and through the valley of the here in the Werra flowing into the Wolfsbach is formed. In the floodplain below the federal road 80 runs , the Halle – Kassel railway line runs past a dam in the north.

history

The early history of the 9th to 12th centuries is obscure, as the documents that have been preserved are uncertain whether they refer to the nearby town of the same name, Bischhausen near Waldkappel in the Wehretal . It is possible, however, that a document in which Emperor Charlemagne donated the village of Biscofeshusun to the monastery of Hersfeld around 800 can already refer to this place. The name Bisch (ofs) hausen, as well as the fact that the place was the seat of an archpriest in the Middle Ages , indicates the possessions of the Archbishop of Mainz on the spot. A " castrum Bischoueshusen" is first mentioned in a fief deed of the Landgraves Hessen-Kassel from 1308. It stipulates that the castle should revert to the landgraves after the death of the owner Friedrich von Rosdorf . Heinrich von Kreuzburg , Heinrich, Detmar and Georg von Stockhausen as well as Bertram and Walter von Hundelshausen are named as Burgmannen . In 1338 the landgrave pledged the castle for 407 silver marks to four brothers of the von Berlepsch family . In 1372 the brothers Segeband, Willekin and Hermann von "Bischofishusin", Heinrich von Kreuzburg and the brothers Otto and Heinrich von Stockhausen received the castle Bischoffshausen with all accessories from the Landgraves Heinrich II. (The "Iron") and Hermann II. For 35 marks Silver offset. After the von Bischoffshausen remained on the landgrave's side during the Star Wars , the pledge of the castle was converted into a hereditary fief in 1379. The names in the 14th century as castrum (1308), hus (1370) and sloß (1393) prove the character of a castle, whereas until the 11th century the name was only recorded as villa (around 800, 1093) in the documents .

The Lords of Bischoffshausen remained in possession of the castle and the later estate until modern times . In the wars of the landgraves with the Guelphs , who asserted territorial claims in the region, the castle was besieged and stormed several times. In the Thirty Years' War , too , like the entire Werraland, Bischhausen was hit hard by billeting and looting. The village of Bischhausen was temporarily completely abandoned and was uninhabited . The Lords of Bischoffshausen had to pay high contributions to redeem their headquarters. The castle buildings were inhabited by the family until 1812, later given out as a lease . Fires in 1827 and 1830 destroyed part of the old building, including the upper floors of today's, formerly tower-like mansion . The castle tower was laid down around 1830 . The topography of the area below the castle was greatly changed when the railway was built in 1869. Before that, the Werraaue to the west of the estate was swampy and impassable; the old road left the river valley near the castle and crossed the pass between the Badenstein and Rabenstein in the direction of the village of Albshausen .

buildings

Gut Bischhausen: mansion with corner turrets and remains of a castle wall with a walled-in balcony

The manor consists of the farm buildings laid out in the shape of a horseshoe around a free space and the manor house, which is free-standing on the fourth side above the rising driveway. The three-sided farm buildings are essentially from the 17th century, their half-timbered upper floors were renewed in the 19th century. The simple and almost unadorned mansion consists of sandstone ashlar masonry. The basement presumably dates from the 16th, the rising masonry from the 17th century. On the field side, the building is accentuated by a slim corner tower with a steep conical roof . In the surrounding wall adjoining the corner tower along the course of the spur , presumably remains of the castle wall, there is a balcony with illegible remains of the coat of arms. The portal of the manor house has a round-arched sandstone frame at the top , in the corners of which are the coats of arms of the von Bischoffshausen and von Bodenhausen families .

In the southeast of the farm site, and more on this as related to the village, which is Protestant parish of Bischhausen from 1774, an austere, modest rectangular building made of rubble masonry and corner cubes, with large, top round-arched windows, completed by a hipped roof and a small bell tower . The simple hall has a two-sided gallery inside .

literature

• Heinrich Lücke: Castles, palaces and mansions in the area of ​​the lower Werra , issue 2, published by HL ücke, Parensen 1924
• Peer Zietz: Cultural monuments in Hessen. Werra-Meißner-Kreis III: Altkreis Witzenhausen , published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig-Wiesbaden 1995. ISBN 3-528-06228-2 . Page 588 f.
• Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 2nd Edition. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1995, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 , p. 49 f.

Web links

• Bischhausen Castle, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of January 29, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
• Entry on Bischoffshausen Castle in the private database "All Castles". Retrieved October 4, 2016.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bischhausen, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hessen (as of June 10, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on October 4, 2016 . 
2. ^ Gutshaus Bischhausen (slide photo by Rudolf Knappe, dated August 4, 1985) .  Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).