Bischoffshausen (noble family)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of the von Bischoffshausen

Bischoffshausen , also Bischhausen , is the name of an old, originally Lower Saxon noble family . The family, some of whose branches still exist today, later acquired property and reputation , especially in Hesse and Thuringia . Members of the family are still enrolled in the Althessian knighthood today .

history

origin

After Kneschke the lords of Bischoffshausen originally came from Franken . The family is said to have spread only later in Hesse and acquired properties there.

The genealogical manual of the nobility begins the uninterrupted line of tribe with the knight Willehelmus de Aldehusen (near Hoya on the Weser ). Wilhelm, he sat on the Gudenburg near Wolfhagen and appears in a document from 1255 to 1288, was ducal Brunswick Vogt of Göttingen and Hanover as well as Landgrave Hessian Vogt of Weissensee . In 1266 (documented on September 27), Count Heinrich von Hoya brokered a comparison between Wilhelm, as Vogt of Duke Albrecht of Braunschweig , and the chapter of the St. Andrew's Foundation in Verden . He sold the people of the house in Hassel to the monastery chapter for four silver marks after he had already sold the house to the cathedral monastery for 36 silver marks. In a final contract (issued on the same day) Wilhelm sold the house in Hassel, which the Archbishops of Bremen gave him as a fief , with all accessories for 40 silver marks to the Andreasstift in Verden. From 1258 he was wealthy in Biscopeshusen (Bischoffshausen or Bischhausen).

At the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th centuries, the brothers Hans and Segenand '(also Segeband), the sons of the progenitor Wilhelm, and Wilhelm's grandson Hermann, who appears in a document from 1300 to 1337, named themselves after the property in Bischoffshausen . Segenand and Hermann previously called themselves "de Woldendorpe" (after Wohlendorf, now part of Rethem an der Aller ).

Bischoffshausen or Bischhausen, the ancestral seat of the family, is today a district of the city of Witzenhausen in the Werra-Meißner district in northeast Hesse. The village is mentioned in a document as early as the year 800 as villam que dicitur Biscofeshusun . (It should not be confused with the castle of the same name in Bischhausen in the Schwalm-Eder district , from which the Hessian noble family Löwenstein , which also existed to this day, originally - until 1253 - also called itself von Bischoffshausen.) The Hersfeld monastery owned this Time 30 hooves in Bischoffshausen near Witzenhausen, which the pen had received from Charlemagne . Later mentions of the village in the 9th to 12th centuries have not yet fully clarified whether it is the Bischoffshausen near Witzenhausen or another Bischhausen near Eschwege . In 1308 Bischofshausen is called castrum ( castle ) and from 1393 as castle. The spelling of the name varies from Biscofeshusun (around 800), Biscopeshusen (1093), Bischophusen (1291), Bischoffeshusen (1361), Bishusen (around 1400), Bischausen (1575–85) to Bischofshausen (1583).

Spread and personalities

In 1276 Werner von Lauterbach-Scharzfeld had his seat in Bischofshausen, from 1291 together with Segeband von Wohlendorf. His descendant Hermann, a grandson of the progenitor Wilhelm, called himself von Bischhausen from 1300. In 1338, Landgrave Heinrich von Hessen pledged Bischofshausen Castle to the von Berlepsch family . In 1372 the Hessian landgraves Heinrich and Hermann moved the Bischofshausen house with all its accessories to the von Bischofshausen brothers as well as Heinrich von Creutzburg and the von Stockhausen brothers . In 1387–88, Bischofshausen Castle was conquered by Braunschweig and Göttingen troops, but was released again in 1389. 1393 opens Hermann von Bischoffshausen the Hessian Landgrave his quarter of Castle Bishop Hausen. In 1430 the village and castle Bischofshausen became a castle and man fief of those von Bischoffshausen.

Another Hermann von Bischoffshausen appears from 1434 to 1438 as a gentleman on Altenstein , Bischofshausen and Ziegenberg. He was married twice, in the first marriage with Kune von Grone and in the second marriage with Beate von Reckerodt from Niedermarsfeld. Anna von Bischoffshausen was abbess at the Urspring Monastery in 1444 . Members of the family were also able to acquire fiefdoms in the Principality of Lüneburg from 1448 onwards . Since 1569 the Lords of Bischoffshausen exercised together with those of Berlepsch and Hesse the lower jurisdiction in Bischofshausen. Hermann's fourth generation descendant, Hans Wilhelm von Bischoffshausen, served as a colonel in royal Swedish service. His son Otto Wilko von Bischoffhausen, from his marriage to Anna von Bodenhausen in 1576 , died in 1632 as a lord of Altenstein, Bischofshausen, Berge , Neuenrode (a hamlet near Berge) and Hebenshausen . Otto Wilko married Margarethe von Buttlar in 1601 .

Her grandson Johann Philipp von Bischoffshausen, the son of the French cavalry champion Adam Wilke von Bischoffshausen and his wife Claudine de Monson, initially served as a lieutenant in the ducal Brunswick service and later became an imperial colonel. Johann Philipp died in 1700 as the ducal Saxon-Coburg privy councilor , court marshal and chief magistrate of Neustadt . He had been married to Sabine Elisabeth von Berlepsch since 1664. They were the parents of the ducal Saxon-Weimar privy councilor and Oberhofmarschall Ernst von Bischoffshausen (1674-1719) and the grandparents of Johann Adolf Ferdinand von Bischoffshausen (* 1706), Lord of Berge and Hebenshausen, who in 1761 as landgrave of Hessen-Kassel court marshal and major general the infantry died. Johann Adolf Ferdinand married Antoinette Philippine Louise von Freudenberg (1719–1768) in 1745 . 1747 the exercise of the lower court in Bischofshausen was confirmed to the von Bischoffshausen, von Berlepsch and Hessen.

Wilhelm Karl Adolf von Bischoffshausen (1749–1790) on Bischofshausen and Berge, the son of Johann Adolf Ferdinand and Antoinette Philippine Louise, became the knightly chief collector. His marriage to Karoline Wilhelmine Ernestine von Wangenheim (1750-1836) in 1775 resulted in nine children, five daughters and four sons, three of whom died before their parents.

Of the daughters, Juliane Wilhelmine Dorothea (1781–1846) married Georg Justus von Koenemann († 1852) in 1804 and Louise Adolfine Juliane (1784–1862) in 1805 the grand ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin district administrator Johann Jakob von Leers (1783–1855). The eldest daughter Wilhelmine Johanne Philippine von Bischoffshausen (1778-1834) became a canoness . Mordian von Bischoffshausen (1779–1850) on Bischofshausen and Berge, the eldest of the brothers, died as a British brigade inspector. He married Elizabeth Barlett (1789-1827) in his first marriage in 1805 in Portsea Southampton and his second marriage in 1847 with Emilie Holzapfel (1827-1857). He left 14 children from his first marriage, the second marriage remained childless. Seven of his sons donated a family affidavit from the property in Bischofshausen and Berge . One of the founders was Edwin von Bischoffshausen (1810–1884), State Director in Hesse, whose son Alexander (1846–1928) became a Prussian senior government councilor, James (1813–1880), Prussian major general and most recently commandant of Stralsund , William (* 1820) , Prussian Privy Councilor and grandfather of the cavalry officer Lothar von Bischoffshausen (1897–1970), and the ducal Saxon-Meininger chamberlain and Prussian colonel and commander of the 3rd Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 71 Richard Freiherr von Bischoffshausen (1821–1876).

Richard received recognition of the baron status from Duke Bernhard von Sachsen-Meiningen in 1854 . In 1850 he married Antonie von Dalwigk (* 1828) from the house of Schauenburg. He had six children with her. Three sons were in the Prussian state and military service, the fourth son Werner (* 1856) settled as a farmer in Texas , USA . A daughter, Mathilde (* 1854), became lady-in-waiting to Princess Elisabeth von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen .

Gustav Karl Ernst von Bischoffshausen (1783-1860) on Neuenrode and Hebenshausen, royal Westphalian chamberlain and electoral Hessian captain, another son of Wilhelm Karl Adolf and Karoline Wilhelmine Ernestine and the younger brother of Mordian Karl Ernst, was married twice. After the death of his first wife Theodore Louise Julie von Wedemeyer (1797-1829), he married Anna Elisabeth Friedrich in 1832. With her he emigrated to Chile . Of his numerous descendants from both marriages, Gustav Franz Georg von Bischoffshausen (1815–1874) became the landowner in Roble, who also settled in Chile with his wife Sophie Ernestine von Eschwege (1815–1892) in the mid-19th century. His brother Georg Karl Julius von Bischoffshausen (1822–1875) died as an imperial and royal major . He left seven children from two marriages.

Status surveys

Richard von Bischoffshausen (1821–1876) received in 1854 a ducal Saxony-Meininger recognition of the baron class. On March 12, 1877, his widow Antione von Dalwigk received a certificate from the Saxony-Meiningen State Ministry on the status of a baron. On November 12, 1877, King Wilhelm I confirmed the status of a baron in Prussia to her descendants by means of the highest cabinet order .

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a black eagle head with a neck in gold . On the helmet with black and gold helmet covers the head of an eagle.

The motto is: "Aquila non capit muscas." ( Latin - "An eagle does not catch flies")

Known family members

literature

Web links

Commons : Bischoffshausen family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume I, Volume 53 of the complete series, pp. 411-412.
  2. ↑ a b New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 1, p. 441.
  3. ^ Hans Friedrich Sudendorf : Document book on the history of the dukes of Braunschweig and Lüneburg and their lands. First part, p. 41.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Yearbook of the German Nobility . First volume, WT Bruer, Berlin 1896, pp. 222-234.
  5. ↑ a b c d Bischhausen, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of June 10, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).