Lednice High School of Fruit and Horticulture

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The Higher Fruit and Horticulture School was the first school of higher horticulture in the Habsburg Monarchy .

founding

Since 1824 there have been considerations in Austria to improve the training of managers in the horticultural businesses - especially the court gardeners. However, these initial considerations were not implemented.

The project did not take shape until 70 years later: the Austrian Horticultural Society took over the sponsorship of the school, the municipality of Eisgrub (today: Lednice ) made the property available, Prince Johann II granted a mortgage as start-up financing and his architect, Carl Weinbrenner , built the property the blueprints. These were committed to the Neo-Renaissance and had a markedly high gable, which corresponded to that of the nearby elementary school, which was built in the same decade.

The first director was Wilhelm Lauche , court garden director of Prince Johann II of Liechtenstein in his parks around Eisgrub, Feldsberg (today: Valtice ) and Lundenburg (today: Břeclav ). Today this area is the UNESCO World Heritage Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape .

The higher fruit and horticultural school was opened on October 5, 1895 in Eisgrub . Their job was to provide practical, scientific and artistic training for horticultural leaders.

Education

The prerequisite for the course was the successful completion of the lower level of the gymnasium or the eight-year community school as well as a one-year apprenticeship in a larger nursery. The school fee was initially 320 kroner , including the boarding school. The meals were covered by the work of the students in the princely parks. The course lasted three years and initially students were only accepted every three years.

expansion

But the demand was so great that in 1899/1900 a new teaching building, also based on a design by Weinbrenner, was built with a capacity that would enable a new class to be started every year. This second building housed three classrooms, a boarding school and laboratories. It was in the mannerist style. The costs for this (133,200 crowns ) were shared by the kk agriculture ministry for Cisleithanien , the Moravian state parliament , the municipality of Eisgrub and Prince Johann II of Liechtenstein. The school had a garden with large areas for experiments in growing ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops. The first school building was converted into a women's clinic with funds from the Prince and is now a student residence.

A major achievement of the school was the establishment of the Mendel Research Institute (1912). Some of their employees went to teaching at the Agricultural University in Brno, which became a horticultural faculty in the Mendel University , which was founded there in 1985 .

After 1918

After 1918, the Czech Ministry of Agriculture (today: Ministerstvo pro místní rozvoj ) became the sponsor of the Higher Fruit and Horticultural School in Lednice. Since many of the teachers were taken on and German remained the language of instruction, Austrian students continued to attend the school. In Austria, after some discussions about the location, at the end of 1923 a separate horticultural school - again sponsored by the Austrian Horticultural Society - began teaching on the Hohen Warte in Vienna-Döbling .

Graduates

Thanks to its graduates, the school has had a European and wider impact. These include:

Other graduates of the school worked in leading positions in municipal gardening offices, e. B. in Vienna , Prague , Brno and Olomouc . They managed botanical gardens in Brno, Innsbruck , Nymphenburg Palace ( Munich ), Vienna and Helsingfors . Many also went to teaching at technical schools and universities in Vienna, Berlin , Stuttgart or Bucharest .

literature

  • Claudia Gröschel: Between a spade and a pencil. The educational institutions of the Austrian Horticultural Society . Part 2. In: historical gardens 25/1 (2019), pp. 4–10.
  • Higher Fruit and Horticulture School in Eisgrub (Moravia) (ed.): Organizational statute of the Higher Fruit and Horticulture School in Eisgrub (Moravia) . Verlag Höhere Obst- und Gartenbauschule, Eisgrub 1928.
  • Hans Recht: The Higher Fruit and Horticultural School (1895–1938), the State Research and Research Institute for Horticulture and Higher Horticultural School (1938–1945) and the Prince Liechtenstein Plant Breeding Institute ( Mendeleum ) (1912–1945) in Eisgrub . Scientific Antiquarian H. Geyer, Vienna 1976.
  • Pavel Zatloukal (eds.), Pŕemysl Krejčiŕik and Ondŕej Zatloukal: The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape . Foibos Books, Prague 2012.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gröschel, p. 4.
  2. ↑ Gröschel, p. 4.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Pavel Zatloukal (eds.), Pŕemysl Krejčiŕik and Ondŕej Zatloukal: The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape . Foibos Books, Prague 2012, p. 76.
  4. ↑ Gröschel, p. 5.
  5. ↑ Gröschel, p. 5.
  6. ↑ Gröschel, p. 7f.

Coordinates: 48 ° 47 ′ 45 "  N , 16 ° 47 ′ 57.4"  E