Højer (Tønder Municipality)
| Højer | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Denmark
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| Region : | Syddanmark | ||||
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Municipality (since 2007) : |
Tønder | ||||
| Municipality / Office : (until the end of 2006) |
Højer Kommune Sønderjyllands Amt |
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Harde / Amt: (until March 1970) |
Tønder, Højer og Lø Herred Tønder Amt |
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| Sogn : | Højer Sogn | ||||
| Coordinates : | 54 ° 58 ′ N , 8 ° 42 ′ E | ||||
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Population : (2020) |
1,176 | ||||
| Area : | 29 km² | ||||
| Population density : | 41 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Postal code : | 6280 Højer | ||||
| Website: | www.hoejerkirke.dk | ||||
 Church in Højer |
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Højer ( German Hoyer ) is a town in Sønderjylland .
It is located in the Tønder Marsh near the Wadden Sea . The town belongs to the Højer Sogn , is located in the Tønder municipality and belongs to the Syddanmark region . Højer is an old town on the marshland , built behind the dikes , and located in one of the most sparsely populated areas in Denmark.
Today it is a small industrial town with furniture factories and the Højer Pølser company , known for South Jutland sausages.
history
Originally, the area belonged to the legal and administrative district of the Hoyerharde . The spot Hoyer was able to break away from it early and from then on formed its own birch . It was important as a trading center, which repeatedly led to disputes with the citizens of Tondern . Birk and Harde belonged to the Tondern office . Hoyer increasingly served as the outer port of Tønder after this became an inland city as a result of the march gains.
Hoyer's importance as a port was increased by the bathing traffic to Sylt . There was a mail steamer to Munkmarsch on Sylt since 1859 . Hoyer was connected to the Marschbahn by a branch line to Tondern .
In 1864 the Duchy of Schleswig fell to Prussia . While the patch of Hoyer retained its status, the country parish was divided into the four independent rural communities Ruttebüll, Ruttebüllerkoog, Alter Friedrichenkoog and Neuer Friedrichenkoog. At the turn of the century, the two Koogsgemeinden were merged to form the municipality of Friedrichenkoog. Ruttebüll came with the formation of the administrative districts in 1889 to the district of Neukirchen , the three other communities formed the district of Ruttebüllerkoog.
In the 1920 referendum on citizenship in the rural community, 119 eligible voters voted for Germany and 74 for Denmark, 581 for Germany and 219 for Denmark. Despite this clear majority, Hoyer came to Denmark, as it was counted in the first zone in which only the overall result counted. So Hoyer / Højer became a border town. The town and the reunited rural community came to the newly designed Tønder Amt. Like Tønder and other border towns, Højer was one of the main focuses of the German minority in North Schleswig .
Højer was now at a dead end. The bathing traffic to Sylt continued, since Denmark still allowed German transit traffic. The direct trains were sealed at the border and drove via Tønder to Højer Sluse ( German : Hoyer Schleuse ), from where passengers and mail were transported by ferry to Sylt. A customs control could thus be dispensed with. When the Hindenburg dam was inaugurated in 1927 , Højer lost the passage to Sylt. With the completion of the Römdamm ( Danish : Rømødæmningen ) in 1948, the ferry connection from Højer Sluse to Kongsmark on Röm ( Danish : Rømø ) disappeared .
Until 1970, the Fleckensgemeinde and the rural community were independent units. Since 1970, together with the neighboring churches Hjerpsted Sogn ( German : Jerpstedt ), Emmerlev and Daler, they have formed the unified municipality of Højer Kommune , which in turn was merged into Tønder Municipality after a municipal reform in 2007.
The community was strengthened by new dikes and the construction of another lock at the Vidå estuary, which has been shifted to the west.
Economy and culture
Højer lives mainly from border trade and tourism. There are smaller craft businesses. A carpet factory was converted into a youth boarding school for design. The butcher shop "Højer Pølser", which specializes in sausages of the North Schleswig style, is known throughout the country. The location in the structurally weak border area did not allow any significant industry to develop. Building on the bilingual nature of the region, attempts have been made since the beginning of the 1990s to increasingly establish educational and conference facilities with various funding programs.
In Højer there is a Danish and a German school and two boarding schools for young people ( Efterskole ). The German school was closed in July 2011 because it had too few students.
traffic
The place was of great importance until 1927 as the main ferry port for mail ships to Keitum and later to Munkmarsch on Sylt. With the construction of the Hindenburg dam, this ferry port lost its importance. With the loss of the ferry port in the early 1930s, passenger traffic on the Tønder – Højer Sluse railway was discontinued. Freight trains ran irregularly on this connection until the 1960s, until it was completely stopped and dismantled in 1965. On the inside of the lock is a small pier for pleasure craft .
Attractions
Højer Church ( Danish Højer Kirke ) is a tufa church built in the second half of the 13th century . In the 1300s, the land around the building was filled in to prevent storm surges from reaching it.
Højer Mølle is a restored Dutch windmill from 1857. With a height of 22 meters, the mill is one of the tallest of its kind in Northern Europe. The Højer Mølle- og Marskmuseum contains information about castles, marshes, storm surges and the seafarers in the region.
In the town square ( Torvet in Danish ) is the town hall of Højer, a small thatched building from 1803. In the Møllegade is Kiers Gaard , a stately farmhouse built in 1760 with a background to the 14th century.
The town of Højer is characterized by old houses and farms from the 1700s and 1800s. Among them is the oldest house in town, the Lise Hus , built in 1708 . In the garden of the house there is a reconstruction of the city fountain from 1807. In the Nørregade is the Hindrichsens Gaard , built in 1760 , a building with a distinctive gabled house and a large thatched roof. The building served as the city's grocery store for many years.
The Højer water tower , built in 1934, has served as a lookout tower since 2015.
A little south of Højer, the Vidå continues west through the marshland to Højer Sluse and directly to the dike at Vidå Sluse . At Vidå Sluse there is a nature exhibition about the Wadden Sea and the marshland.
From Højer it is eight kilometers to Rudbøl , twelve kilometers to Tønder and 26 kilometers to Skærbæk .
photos
Møllehaven
Web links
- Parish website. Retrieved September 7, 2017 (Danish).