Hans Dannenbaum

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Friedrich August Johann Georg Albrecht "Hans" Dannenbaum (born April 23, 1895 in Oldenburg (Oldenburg) , † May 1, 1956 in Hanover ) was a German Protestant theologian, city mission director and pastor.

origin

Dannenbaum was born into a middle-class family in Oldenburg as the son of the sergeant and later municipal secretary Karl Dannenbaum and grew up in Hanover. There he passed the Abitur and immediately afterwards volunteered for the military (Uhlans). Dannenbaum was promoted to lieutenant and company commander in the summer of 1915 and took part in the First World War as an adjutant to higher staffs in the army.

Studied theology and started working

As an unharmed returnee from the war, Dannenbaum began to study theology in Göttingen and soon moved to the theological faculty of the University of Marburg to continue his studies. His professors included the New Testament scholar and church historian Adolf Jülicher , the systematist Wilhelm Herrmann and the religious scholar Rudolf Otto . Dannenbaum completed his theology studies at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen with the first exam. One of his fellow students in the theological seminary was Hans Bruns , who later became famous for his translation of the Bible . He completed the vicariate for several months in 1921 with the Berlin city mission under Pastor Erich Schnepel and attended the subsequent seminary in Erichsburg in Lower Saxony. After the second theological exam, Dannenbaum received an assistant preacher position at the Pauluskirche in Hanover in 1923 . In the same year, Dannenbaum moved to the open pastoral position in Othfresen near Goslar, where he served as a clergyman until 1926.

Work in the Berlin city mission

Dannenbaum followed a call to become an inspector in the Berlin city mission and pastor at their church in Berlin-Kreuzberg with the associated congregation. In a contemporary report on the pastor of this church it was written: “His liturgically richly decorated communion services in the evening hours, in which the words of initiation and the Lord's Prayer, like the other parts of the altar service, are sung by him in old, venerable setting, unite hundreds and draw one each time increasing number of participants. "

Dannenbaum, along with Hanns Lilje , the theology professors Karl Heim and Helmuth Schreiner, as well as pastors Gerhard Jacobi , Walther Künneth , Otto Riethmüller and other theologians, including the then Heidelberg private lecturer Heinz-Dietrich Wendland (1900-1992), were among the first to sign the “ Call for the Collection ”of May 9, 1933 of the Young Reformation Movement , a forerunner of the Confessing Church .

Pastor of the Confessing Church and military chaplain

Dannenbaum and his congregation were “in the camp of the Confessing Church from the start ”. His superior (1933 to 1939), the Berlin City Mission Director Pastor Walter Thieme (* 1878, † 1945), was a delegate of the first synod of the Confessing Church (BK) in Barmen and Dahlem BK synods. Together with the leading representative of the Confessing Church, Martin Niemöller , and her senior colleague Gerhard Jacobi , Dannenbaum spoke at confessional meetings . Dannenbaum joined the Young Reformation Movement as early as 1933 under the initiators Pastor Niemöller and Hanns Lilje , the then General Secretary of the German Christian Student Association, and Pastor Walter Künneth , the head of the Apologetic Center in the Berlin Evangelical Johannis Foundation , who opposed a " synchronization " defended the Protestant churches by the Nazi regime . Dannenbaum was a co-signer of the movement's public "call to gather".

In 1935, the Völkische Beobachter and another National Socialist newspaper, Der SA-Mann , attacked the confessional pastor Dannenbaum because he had discussed chapters 9 to 11 of the letter to the Romans "God's way with Israel" in an essay on the Jewish question with a biblical interpretation . The Nazi press spoke of “subversive attitudes” and the demand to “release him from office” to the point of prosecuting him, combined with the demand: “The author belongs in a concentration camp ...” After this House searches, interrogations at the Gestapo and spying on religious services, in particular Dannenbaum's sermons, were carried out during a press campaign . During the "violent storm wind of the church struggle", Dannenbaum encouraged the professing church to return to the Christian revival preachers in order to "learn for current action" and was able to state for himself that "for his missionary service in Berlin he owed the great Hanoverian revival preacher Harms for decisive things. "

At the beginning of the Second World War , Field Bishop Franz Dohrmann asked Dannenbaum to become Pastor III of Berlin in order to initially look after the Wehrmacht hospital in Berlin-Tempelhof. In contrast to his predecessor, the Wehrmacht priest Erwin Bendel (born April 29, 1910), who was a full-time Protestant pastor III, Dannenbaum was entrusted with the military chaplaincy in the part-time. His part-time work as a clergyman in the local pastor's office in Berlin during the Second World War saved him from direct access by the Gestapo at the beginning of the 1940s , because "as the local pastor, he was under the Wehrmacht, so to speak ". The acting head of the Berlin City Mission , v. Bahrfeldt , informed the Evangelical Consistory of the Mark Brandenburg , Berlin Department, in 1941 that the "Attorney General (has) initiated preliminary proceedings against the city mission inspector Dannenbaum because of political statements ...", which "is currently with the local Geh. State Police are floating ”. The consistory then immediately turned to the "Attorney General at the regional court as head of the prosecution at the special court" and learned that "an investigation has been initiated" against Pastor Dannenbaum, which has not yet been concluded, "for offense § 2 of the Treachery Act". In 1942, Dannenbaum was warned by the judiciary in the Third Reich that charges would be brought against him if existing accusations on record because of his active participation in the church struggle were repeated. As the local pastor of the Wehrmacht, who u. a. When pastor was responsible for imprisoned soldiers and officers in two Wehrmacht prisons, Dannenbaum had the right to visit Berlin prisons and visited Dietrich Bonhoeffer in Tegel prison . Dannenbaum was able to gain access to the imprisoned theologian Bonhoeffer several times with the civil priest Harald Poelchau and to help him through pastoral talks and secret messenger services . During a visit to Bonhoeffer, Dannenbaum gave him the book “Klopstock” by the author Karl Kindt on loan as a reading cell . Dannenbaum concluded his visits to the prison cell in Berlin-Tegel with a reading of a Bible passage and an intercession prayer , which Bonhoeffer gratefully accepted.

New beginning after liberation in 1945

On October 21, 1945, Hans Dannenbaum was introduced as chairman of the Berlin city mission by Bishop Otto Dibelius in a church service in the St. John's Basilica in the Berlin district of Neukölln, where the city mission congregation "Johannist" was temporarily guest in the Catholic garrison church. As pastor and city mission director , he was now in charge of the entire work in the four-sector city of Berlin and during his tenure was also responsible for the institutions of the Berlin city mission, which were located in the area of ​​the Soviet occupation zone . After the Gnadau Association of Regional Church Communities had entrusted Dannenbaum with the honorary management function for the former Eastern Zone , which he exercised from March 1946 to October 1947, Dibelius appointed him as his "advisor for the affairs of the communities within the framework of the Berlin office of the church chancellery" the EKD . On the initiative of Hans Dannenbaum in his function as director of the Berlin City Mission, the Paulinum was founded in 1946 in the rooms of the Berlin City Mission in Neukölln, a theological training center initially for so-called "late professions", young men with and without jobs, "who were in wartime or Captivity had received the call of God to cooperate in his kingdom. " From 1947 onwards, Hans Dannenbaum was honorary chairman of the Association of German Protestant City Missions, founded in 1920, and Pastor Rudolf Damrath (born March 26, 1905) of the Berlin City Mission was its managing director.

Return to the Hanoverian home church

For decades, Dannenbaum was on friendly terms with the later regional bishop of the Hanoverian Church, Hanns Lilje , who worked there for the Berlin city mission . Both came to Berlin from the Hanover regional church in the 1920s. For years, Lilje took part in the preaching service in the city mission church "Am Johannistische", where Dannenbaum mainly worked until it was destroyed by total burnout during the bombing of the capital on January 29, 1944. In the spring of 1947, Dannenbaum received the call of his home church as "Commissioner of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover for popular missionary work" and as pastor at the Albanikirche in Göttingen from September of the same year. At the same time, Dannenbaum played a leading role in the founding of the pastors' brotherhood "for reviving preaching and lively church building" through the preparation and gathering of clergy. After creating a “Chamber for People's Mission” in this regional church, Dannenbaum moved to Hanover as its elected chairman.

Private

Hans Dannenbaum also had an older brother and a long-time childhood friend, both of whom had died in Russia during the first years of the First World War. Dannenbaum suffered heavily from these human losses. In general, the war experiences influenced him in his professional plans: journalism or theology. And Dannenbaum - awarded the Iron Cross and the Friedrich-August-Kreuz , both medals in class II - decided in favor of theology.

In April 1923, after completing his second theological exam in Hanover, Hans Dannenbaum married Mari Wolpers, the sister of his fallen friend Wolpers, to whom he had been engaged since 1919. By participating in an evangelism week organized by Pastor Ernst Lohmann , to which the bride's father had invited them, both of them consolidated their Christian faith as engaged. The son and later pastor Rolf Dannenbaum (* February 2, 1924 - October 28, 2011) emerged from the marriage, who was director of the YMCA secretary school from 1953 to 1969 and later pastor in Heidelberg and head of the local city mission.

After a serious illness and one-sided paralysis from a stroke, Hans Dannenbaum died in 1956. Bishop Lilje, who gave the funeral sermon, emphasized in a separate obituary the lifelong friendship with Hans Dannenbaum, which would have stood the test of time “in the church struggle and in the post-war period” and “served this purpose has that one might strengthen the other's hand in God ( 1 Sam 23.16  EU ). "

Awards in the First World War

Works (selection)

  • The living church. A Contribution to Solving the Question: Church and Community, 1925.
  • Petrus, Hochwerk Verlag, Berlin 1929.
  • Ominous compromises in the life of faith; City Mission Church Deutsche Evang. Book and Tract Society, Berlin (1934)
  • Abraham. People of the bible; Vol. 4, Acker-Verlag, Berlin 1935; Verlag der Lutherischen Buchhandlung, Groß Oesingen, 2012; ISBN 978-3-86147-329-9 .
  • Confession and pastoral care, Furche-Verlag, Berlin, 1936.
  • They will shine like the stars. Men of the revival movement in Lower Saxony: Spitta / Petri / Harms ; God witnesses vol. 2. Furche-Verlag, Berlin 1938 u. 1940.
  • Victorious Christianity. Calls, pictures and testimonies Wrestling for people of our time, Furche-Verlag, Berlin 1938.
  • Nothing damnable. Good news for serious people. 20 Bible studies on Romans held in the city mission church in Berlin; Furche-Verlag, Berlin, 1939.
  • In the service of Christ. Word proclamation and pastoral care. Co-author: Erich Schnepel , Furche-Verlag, Berlin, 1939.
  • Early Christian Christianity by Hans Dannenbaum from Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1949)
  • Becoming and growing and growing a missionary church. Experience and factual report from work in the service of the Berlin City Mission 1926–1947. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1950)
  • Missionary Church, Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1951)
  • The riddle of the cross and resurrection. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1951)
  • Conversations with Jesus. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1951)
  • Apostolic correspondence. Writings Mission Publishing House (1951)
  • Inviolable laws. The ten commandments of God laid out for the church. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1952)
  • The unknown God and the known Jesus. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1952)
  • Fate or guilt. Writings Mission Publishing House (1954)
  • Sermon on the Mount of Jesus. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1955)
  • A person gets right with God. Verlag R. Brockhaus, Wuppertal (1955)
  • Elijah, a man who stood before God. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1955 and 1975); ISBN 3-7958-0259-8 .
  • Jesus and the people. Brunnen-Verlag (1955)
  • Word in attack. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1956)
  • An ABC of the Christian Faith (1956)
  • Old Wells: Sermons on Old Testament texts. Schriftenmissions-Verlag (1956)
  • Catechism lessons for adults. Verlag Sonne und Schild (1956)
  • New life in sight. A biblical medicine. Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1963)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The pastors of the regional churches of Hanover and Schaumburg-Lippes since the Reformation . Published by Philipp Meyer on behalf of the Hanover Regional Church Office on behalf of the Society for Church History of Lower Saxony in community with numerous employees; Volume 2. Göttingen 1942, p. 257 f.
  2. ↑ Life data in the DNB portal , accessed on July 21, 2015.
  3. ↑ Hans Bruns . In: Hans Brandenburg: Hans Dannenbaum from his friends, Gladbeck (1957), p. 106.
  4. ↑ Erich Schnepel, in: Hans Brandenburg in: Hans Dannenbaum von seine Freunde , Gladbeck (1957), p. 41.
  5. ↑ 1877-1927. 50 years of work in the service of faith and love. Edited by Walther Thieme; Vaterländische Verlags- und Kunstanstalt, Berlin, 1927, p. 39. See also there the illustration of Pastor Hans Dannenbaum in a gown.
  6. ↑ A portrait photo of Hans Dannenbaum u. a. also by Erich Schnepel be found in: The Christmas books of the furrow publisher ... with particular emphasis on new releases of 1936 ... . - p. 2: Dannenbaum u. P. 7: Schnepel; Picture bar; Flyer collection, user: Schudi 45.
  7. ↑ Call for collection with the names of some of the first signatories, printed in: Bethge, Werner: Evangelical Christians between Adaptation and Opposition , Brandenburg State Center for Political Education, Potsdam, 1995, Document 6 (p. 80); DNB portal (I)
  8. ↑ Hans Dannenbaum: Becoming and growing and growing a mission church. Experience and factual report from work in the service of the Berlin City Mission 1926–1947 . Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1950), p. 177.
  9. ↑ K. Keim, O. Reschke, G. Wehner: Resistance against the Nazi regime 1933 to 1945. A biographical lexicon ; Vol. 8, p. 56 f. Keyword: Thieme, W. ISBN 978-3-89626-908-9 .
  10. ^ Heinz Boberach: Handbook of the German Protestant Churches 1918 to 1949. Organs - Offices - Associations - Persons . Vol. 1: Supraregional institutions. Work on contemporary church history. Series A: Sources, Volume 18; Göttingen, 2010, ISBN 978-3-525-55784-6 , p. 104.
  11. ↑ Hans Dannenbaum: Becoming and growing and growing a mission church. Experience and factual report from work in the service of the Berlin City Mission 1926–1947 . Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1950), p. 178 f.
  12. ↑ Foreword by Hans Dannenbaum to his volume 2 They will shine like stars in the series: “God witnesses from two thousand years of the Church of Jesus Christ”, published by Furche-Verlag, Berlin, 1939, p. 6.
  13. ↑ Hans Graf Kanitz (General a. D.), in: Hans Brandenburg in: Hans Dannenbaum von seine Freunde , Gladbeck (1957), p. 79.
  14. ↑ parish almanac for the ecclesiastical province Mark Brandenburg / Evangelical Consistory of Brandenburg, Section V, Berlin, 1939, S. 439th
  15. ^ Rolf Dannenbaum, in: Hans Dannenbaum von seine Freunde, Gladbeck (1957), p. 21.
  16. ↑ Hans Danenbaum: development and growth and growth of a missionary church. Experience and factual report from work in the service of the Berlin City Mission 1926–1947 . Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck (1950), p. 180 f.
  17. ^ Letter of June 17, 1941 with the official letterhead of the Berlin City Mission, addressed to "To the Evangelical Consistory, Berlin SW 68, Lindenstrasse14"; Archival document in the Evangelical Regional Church Archive in Berlin Signature: ELAB 14/3001
  18. ^ Reply of December 10, 1941 from the Berlin Public Prosecutor at the Regional Court to the Evangelical Consistory of the Mark Brandenburg.
  19. ↑ Hans-Rainer Sandvoss : "It is asked to monitor the church services ...": Religious communities in Berlin between adaptation, self-assertion and resistance from 1933 to 1945 . Berlin 2014, p. 146f. ISBN 978-3-86732-184-6 .
  20. ^ Rolf Dannenbaum, in: Hans Dannenbaum von seine Freunde , Gladbeck (1957), p. 22.
  21. ↑ Eberhard Bethge: Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Theologian - Christian - Contemporary . Retrieved on July 25, 2015 ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dietrich-bonhoeffer.net
  22. ↑ Ferdinand Schlingensiepen: Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 1906–1945 . Munich 2006, p. 358; ISBN 3-406-53425-2 .
  23. ↑ Keim, Klaus: Resistance in Berlin against the Nazi regime 1933-1945. A biographical lexicon , Volume 2. 2nd supplemented and edited edition, Trafo-Verlag, Berlin, 2009, p. 58, keyword: Dannenbaum, Hans; ISBN 978-3-89626-902-7 .
  24. ↑ Hans Brandenburg in: Hans Dannenbaum from his friends , Gladbeck (1957), p. 129.
  25. ↑ Bethge, Eberhard: Dietrich Bonhoeffer . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Berlin GmbH, Berlin, 1986; (This edition was based on the 5th 1983 edition of Chr. Kaiser Verlag Munich.) P. 956.
  26. ↑ Seventy-five years of the Berlin City Mission . Edited by Berliner Stadtmission, Berlin, rapporteur: Max Dietrich (1952), p. 84.
  27. ↑ Hans Dannenbaum: Becoming and growing and growing a mission church. Experience and factual report from work in the service of the Berlin City Mission 1926–1947 . Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck 1950, p. 185.
  28. ↑ Hans Dannenbaum: Becoming and growing and growing a mission church. Experience and factual report from work in the service of the Berlin City Mission 1926–1947 . Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck 1950, p. 186 f.
  29. ↑ Dannenbaum's circular from July 1946, quoted by Reinhold Pietz in: God loves this city. 100 years of the Berlin City Mission; 1877 - 1977 / [Ed .: Siegfried Dehmel,], publisher Berliner Stadtmission, Berlin 1977, p. 111.
  30. ↑ Renamed to: Federal Association of Protestant City Missions in Germany and belongs to Diakonie ; City Missions in Germany
  31. ↑ Handbook of the German Protestant Churches 1918 to 1949. Organs - Offices - Associations - Persons . Vol. 1: Nationwide institutions , Göttingen, 2010, p. 416; ISBN 978-3-525-55784-6 .
  32. ↑ Wilhelm Busch : Chats in my study . Neukirchen-Vluyn [Bielefeld], 2009, p. 220f .; ISBN 978-3-89397-969-1 .
  33. ↑ Hans Dannenbaum: Becoming and growing and growing a mission church. Experience and factual report from work in the service of the Berlin City Mission 1926–1947 . Schriftenmissions-Verlag, Gladbeck 1950, pp. 7 and 188 f.
  34. ^ Rolf Dannenberg in: Hans Brandenburg in: Hans Dannenbaum von seine Freunde, Gladbeck (1957), p. 10 f.
  35. ↑ Parish manach for the ecclesiastical province of Mark Brandenburg / Evangelical Consistory of Mark Brandenburg, Section VII, Berlin, 1939, p. 440 (under: Pastor Hans Dannenbaum)
  36. ↑ Biographical-Bibliographical Church Lexicon. Founded and edited by Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz. Continued by Traugott Bautz; Herzberg (1998) Vol. 14, Column 1210; ISBN 3-88309-073-5 .
  37. ^ Rolf Dannenbaum: From the generation of sons . In: God loves this city. 100 years of the Berlin City Mission. 1877-1977 . Berlin, 1977, pp. 88-90; DNB portal
  38. ↑ Hanns Lilje, in: Hans Dannenbaum von seine Freunde , Gladbeck (1957), p. 32.
  39. ↑ Both awards are listed in: Parish manach for the ecclesiastical province of Mark Brandenburg. Published by the Evangelical Consistory of the Mark Brandenburg. As of April 1, 1939 (changes after going to press taken into account if possible). Verlag Trowitzsch & Sohn Berlin 1939, p. 440.
personal data
SURNAME Dannenbaum, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dannenbaum, Friedrich August Johann Georg Albrecht
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian, city mission director and pastor
DATE OF BIRTH April 23, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Oldenburg (Oldenburg)
DATE OF DEATH May 1, 1956
Place of death Hanover