Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Sabalkanski

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Hans Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebitsch-Sabalkanski Signature Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Sabalkanski.PNG
The coat of arms of the Counts of Diebitsch-Sabalkanski

Hans Karl Friedrich Anton Graf von Diebitsch-Sabalkanski ( Russian Иван Иванович Дибич-Забалканский or Iwan Iwanowitsch Diebitsch-Sabalkanski ; * May 13, 1785 in Groß Leipe near Obernigk , Lower Silesia ; † May 29, 18 July / June 10,  1831 . in Kleszewo near Pultusk ) was a field marshal in the Russian army .

family

Diebitsch came from an old Silesian noble family . The direct lineage began with Heinrich von Diebitsch (* around 1400), the court master of Duke Ludwig II of Liegnitz (mentioned in 1435).

Hans von Diebitsch was the son of Ehrenfried Freiherr von Diebitsch and Narten (1738-1822) and his third wife Marie Antoinette von Erckert (1743-1805). The father had served in the Prussian army since 1756 and was in the suite of Frederick the Great in 1785 . After Paul I took office , he went to Russia with his family in 1798 as tutor to Duke Eugen Friedrich von Württemberg and belonged to the imperial suite. As Russian major general and inspector of the arms factories in Tula , he was enrolled in the Courland Knighthood in 1801 .

On May 31, 1815, Hans married the 15-year-old Jenny Baroness von Tornau (* 1800; † March 25, 1830). Her parents were Georg Leonhard von Tornauw († 1825), later postmaster in Riga, and his wife Johanna Wilhelmine von Smitten . She was also the niece of Field Marshal Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, who was raised to the rank of prince in 1813 . Johann / Hans was registered with the Estonian knighthood under number 45 on January 12, 1826 .

The majority over Sabalkansk, Kr.Jamburg (also Yamburg, since 1922 Kingissepp in the Gouvernement of St. Petersburg) passed after his death in 1831 with 21 villages to his nephew Carl von Prittwitz , Imperial Russian General of the Cavalry à la suite and Adjutant General of Tsar Nicholas I .

Life

The signatures of Yorck ( Königlich Preuss. General Lieutn. ) And Diebitsch ( Kaiserlich Russischer General Major ) under the Tauroggen Convention of December 30, 1812

Diebitch received his education in the cadet school in Berlin and joined in 1801 at the request of Tsar Alexander I as a cadet in the Russian semyonovsky regiment one. Promoted to captain because of his bravery demonstrated at Austerlitz with wounds, Prussian Eylau and Friedland , he joined the Wittgenstein Corps as quartermaster general when Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812 . He was promoted to major general in reward for his daring defense of a bridge in the battle for Polatsk .

On December 30, 1812, he concluded the Tauroggen Convention with General Yorck , the chief of the Prussian contingent in the French army . It was the impetus for Prussia's revolt against Napoleon, which turned into the Wars of Independence .

After the Battle of Großgörschen transferred to Barclay de Tolly's army corps, he was involved in the conclusion of the secret treaty between Russia, Austria, Prussia and Great Britain, which came about on June 14, 1813 in Reichenbach . He showed great bravery in the battles near Dresden and Leipzig and was promoted to lieutenant general after the latter.

When Napoleon returned from Elba , he was called to the congress in Vienna and from there sent to the 1st Army Corps as Chief of the General Staff. After the peace, Tsar Alexander I appointed him his adjutant general and in 1822 chief of the general staff. In 1825 he had to bring the news of the Tsar's death to Grand Duke Constantine . Diebitsch was on the Decembrist death list . But before they could carry out the assassination attempt, their insurrection was put down. Diebitsch was instrumental in this and was subsequently promoted to general by the new Tsar Nicholas I.

In the campaign against the Turks , which began in the spring of 1828 , he acquired the Order of St. Andrew through the capture of Varna, which, of course, only occurred through the betrayal of the Turkish commandant . Commander-in-chief since February 1829 , he forced the crossing over the Balkans in July, followed by the surrender of Adrianople on August 20 , where the peace of the same name was concluded in September . In return, Diebitsch was raised to the rank of count on August 11, 1829, with the addition of Sabalkanski ( German crossing the Balkans ) and on September 22, 1829 appointed field marshal .  

When the war was over, Diebitsch-Sabalkanski returned to Petersburg and then spent most of 1830 on a diplomatic mission in Berlin. After the outbreak of the Polish uprising , he crossed the Polish border on February 5, 1831 as commander-in-chief of 118,000 men, had his troops in various departments head towards Warsaw and, after a few insignificant skirmishes, attacked the Poles in the Battle of Grochów on February 25 . He suffered great losses, but the Poles had to retreat to Praga that night . Diebitsch-Sabalkanski, for whom the risk of storming Praga and Warsaw seemed too dangerous, also retreated to recuperate and strengthen his troops and on May 26th repulsed the attack of the Poles under Skrzynecki at the Battle of Ostroleka . A few days later, he died on June 10 in Kłaczkowo in Pultusk of cholera and was on the Wokowo Cemetery in Saint Petersburg buried.

Orders and honors

Yorck-Diebitsch-Strasse sign in Leipzig

literature

Web links

Commons : Hans Karl von Diebitsch  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Diebitsch-Sabalkanski, Hans Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Diebitsch-Sabalkanski, Hans Karl Friedrich Anton Graf von; Дибич-Забалканский, Иван Иванович (Russian); Diebitsch-Sabalkanski, Iwan Iwanowitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION imperial Russian field marshal
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1785
PLACE OF BIRTH Groß Leipe near Obernigk , Lower Silesia
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1831
Place of death Kleszewo at Pultusk