Haplogroup A (mtDNA)
| Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA | |
|---|---|
| Surname | A. |
| Possible time of origin | 50,000 years ago |
| Possible place of origin | Asia |
| predecessor | N |
| successor | A3, A4, A5, A7, A8 |
| Mutations | 152, 235, 523-524d, 663, 1736, 4248, 4824, 8794, 16290, 16319 |
| carrier | Indians , Siberians |
In human genetics, haplogroup A is a mitochondrial haplogroup ( mtDNA ).
According to the researchers, haplogroup A originated in Asia around 60,000 years ago. Their ancestor's haplogroup N .
Subgroup A1 is found in North and Central Asia , while subgroup A2 is found in Siberia. It is also one of five Indian haplogroups in America . The other of these are B, C, D and X.
Haplogroup A is the largest proportionate haplogroup among the Chukchi , Eskimo , Na-Dené-speakers and some other ethnic Amerindian groups from North and Central America. 7.5% of the Japanese belong to haplogroup A (mostly to A4 and A5).
The mummy Juanita of Peru, also known as the "Virgin of the Ice", belonged to the mitochondrial haplogroup A.
In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve , Bryan Sykes gives the first mother of this haplogroup the name Aiyana.
family tree
This phylogenetic family tree of the subgroups of haplogroup A is based on a publication by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.
- A.
- A3
- A4
- A4a
- A4a1
- A4a1a
- A4a1
- A4b
- A4c
- A4c1
- A2
- A2a
- A2a2
- A2b
- A2b1
- A2c
- A2d
- A2d1
- A2d1a
- A2d2
- A2e
- A2f
- A2f1
- A2f1a
- A2f1
- A2g
- A2h
- A2i
- A2j
- A2j1
- A2k
- A2k1
- A2n
- A2p
- A2d1
- A2q
- A2a
- A6
- A4a
- A5
- A5a
- A5a1
- A5a1a
- A5a1a1
- A5a1a1a
- A5a1a1b
- A5a1a2
- A5a1a1
- A5a1b
- A5a1a
- A5a2
- A5a1
- A5b
- A5c
- A5a
- A7
- A8
- A9
Individual evidence
- ↑ Japan Reference: The Origins of Japanese people ( Memento of the original from August 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mannis van Oven, Manfred Kayser: Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. In: Human Mutation. 30, 2009, p. E386, PMID 18853457 . doi : 10.1002 / humu.20921 .
Web links
- Biology Center Austria on Haplogroup A ( Memento from October 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
See also
| Evolution Tree Haplogroup Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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