Haplogroup H (mtDNA)

Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA
Surname	H
Possible time of origin	25,000-30,000 years ago
Possible place of origin	Southwest Asia , Middle East
predecessor	HV
successor	H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, H16, H17, H18, H19, H20, H21, H25
Mutations	A2706A, C7028C
carrier	Most of the Europeans

In human genetics, haplogroup H is a haplogroup of the mitochondria .

The Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), the mitochondrial sequence with which all other sequences are compared, belongs to haplogroup H.

With 40% to 50%, haplogroup H is the most common mtDNA haplogroup in Europe . This haplogroup is also common in North Africa and the Middle East . This density drops in the southeast of the continent to 20% in the Middle East and in the Caucasus .

According to FamilyTreeDNA , the nucleotide position 4336 tRNA variant of haplogroup H is related to the later onset of Alzheimer's disease .

In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes is the matriarch of this haplogroup Helena.

family tree

Spatial frequency distribution for haplogroups H *, H1, H2a, H3, H4, H5a, H6a, H7, H8 and H11

This phylogenetic family tree of the subgroups of haplogroup H is based on a publication by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.

HV
- H
  - H1
    - H1a
      - H1a1
      - H1a2
    - H1b
    - H1f
    - H1g
    - H1k
    - H1q
    - H1c
      - H1c1
      - H1c2
      - H1c3
    - H1e
      - H1e1
        H1e1a
      - H1e2
    - H1h
    - H1i
    - H1j
    - H1m
    - H1n
    - H1o
    - H1p
    - H1r
    - H1s
    - H1t
    - H1u
  - H2
    - H2a
      - H2a1
        H2a1a
      - H2a2
        
        H2a2a
        
        H2a2b
        H2a2b1
      - H2a3
      - H2a4
      - H2a5
      - H2a5a
    - H2b
  - H3
    - H3a
    - H3b
    - H3c
    - H3d
    - H3e
    - H3f
    - H3g
  - H4
    - H4a
      - H4a1
        
        H4a1a
        H4a1a1
        H4a1a1a
        
        H4a1b
      - H4a2
    - H4b
  - H5'36
    - H5
      - H5a
        
        H5a1
        
        H5a2
      - H5b
  - H36
    - H36a
  - H6
    - H6a
      - H6a1
        H6a1a
        
        H6a1a1
        H6a1a1a
        
        H6a1b
        
        H6a1b1
        
        H6a1b2
    - H6b
  - H8
  - H7
    - H7a
      - H7a1
    - H7b
      - H7b1
    - H7c
  - H9
    - H9a
  - H10
    - H10a
      - H10a1
  - H11
    - H11a
      - H11a2
  - H12
  - H13
    - H13a
      - H13a1
        H13a1a
        
        H13a1a1
        H13a1a1a
        
        H13a1a2
      - H13a2
        
        H13a2a
        H13a2a1
        
        H13a2b
        H13a2b1
    - H13b
  - H14
    - H14a
      - H14a1
  - H15
    - H15a
      - H15a1
    - H15b
  - H16
    - H16a
    - H16b
  - H17
    - H17a
  - H27
  - H18
  - H19
  - H20
    - H20a
  - H21
  - H30
  - H22
  - H23
  - H24
  - H25
  - H26
  - H28
  - H29
  - H31
  - H32
  - H33
  - H34
  - H35
  - H37
  - H38
  - H39

Web links

Biology Center Austria on Haplogroup H ( Memento from April 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

↑ Ghezzi et al. (2005): Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians , European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, pp. 748-752.

↑ Atlas of the Human Journey - The Genographic Project ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ A. Achilli et al. : The Molecular Dissection of mtDNA Haplogroup H Confirms That the Franco-Cantabrian Glacial Refuge Was a Major Source for the European Gene Pool . AJHG, 2004.

↑ Dan Mishmara et al. : "Natural selection shaped regional mtDNA variation in humans", PNAS, January 7, 2003, Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 171-176. ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 304 kB) @1@ 2

↑ Mannis van Oven, Manfred Kayser: Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. In: Human Mutation. 30, 2009, p. E386, PMID 18853457 . doi : 10.1002 / humu.20921 .

[1] Ghezzi et al. (2005): Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians , European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, pp. 748-752.

[2] Atlas of the Human Journey - The Genographic Project ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[3] A. Achilli et al. : The Molecular Dissection of mtDNA Haplogroup H Confirms That the Franco-Cantabrian Glacial Refuge Was a Major Source for the European Gene Pool . AJHG, 2004.

Haplogroup H (mtDNA)

contents

family tree

See also

Web links

Individual evidence