Haplogroup U

Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA
Surname	U
Possible time of origin	55,000 years ago
Possible place of origin	Western Asia
predecessor	Haplogroup R (mtDNA)
successor	U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6, U7, U8, K
Mutations	73, 7028, 11719, 12308, 14766

The haplogroup U is a haplogroup of the mitochondria ( mtDNA ) in human genetics .

It represents a group of people descended from a woman of the haplogroup R (mtDNA) from a branch of the geographical family tree. This woman lived about 55,000 years ago. Their descendants produced various subgroups, some of which now live in very different geographical home countries. The old age has led to a wide distribution of these subgroups and to refuges in Europe , North Africa , India , Arabia , North Caucasus and the Middle East .

The mtDNA haplogroup U can be subdivided into further subgroups. Including the mtDNA haplogroup U5, which is widespread in Europe. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Evas , Bryan Sykes names the first mother of this mtDNA haplogroup U5 the name Ursula.

family tree

This phylogenetic family tree of the subgroups of haplogroup U is based on a publication by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.

U
- U1
  - U1a'c
    - U1a
      - U1a1
      - U1a2
      - U1a3
    - U1c
  - U1b
- U5
  - U5a
    - U5a1
      - U5a1a
        U5a1a1
      - U5a1b
        U5a1b1
        U5a1b1a
    - U5a2
      - U5a2a
      - U5a2b
      - U5a2c
      - U5a2d
  - U5b
    - U5b1
      - U5b1b
        
        U5b1b1
        
        U5ab1b1a
        U5ab1b1a1
        
        U5b1b1b
        
        U5b1b2
      - U5b1c
      - U5b1d
      - U5b1e
    - U5b2
      - U5b2a
        U5b2a1
        U5b2a1a
      - U5b2a2
        U5b2a2a
      - U5b2b
      - U5b2c
    - U5b3
      
      Origin and distribution of the haplotype mtDNA Hg U5b3
      - U5b3a
- U6
  - U6a'b'd
    - U6a
      - U6a1
        
        U6a1a
        
        U6a1b
      - U6a2
        U6a2a
      - U6a3
      - U6a4
      - U6a5
      - U6a6
      - U6a7
        
        U6a7a
        U6a7a1
        
        U6a7b
    - U6b
      - U6b1
    - U6d
      - U6d1
    - U6c
  - U2'3'4'7'8
    - U2
      - U2a
      - U2b
        
        U2b1
        
        U2b2
      - U2c
        U2c1
      - U2d
      - U2e
        
        U2e1
        U2e1a
        U2e1a1
        
        U2e2
    - U3
      - U3a
        
        U3a1
        
        U3a2
      - U3b
        
        U3b1
        U3b1a
        
        U3b2
    - U4'9
      - U4
        
        U4a
        
        U4a1
        
        U4a1a
        
        U4a1b
        
        U4a1c
        
        U4a2
        
        U4a2a
        U4a2a1
        
        U4a2b
        
        U4a2c
        U4a2c1
        
        U4a3
        
        U4b
        
        U4b1
        
        U4b1a
        
        U4b1a1
        
        U4b1a2
        
        U4b1a3
        U4b1a3a
        
        U4b1b
        
        U4b2
        
        U4c
        U4c1
        
        U4d
        
        U4d1
        
        U4d2
      - U9
        
        U9a
        
        U9b
    - U7
      - U7a
    - U8
      - U8a
        U8a1
        U8a1a
      - U8b'K
        
        U8b
        
        Haplogroup_K_ (mtDNA)

Web links

Biology Center Austria on Haplogroup U ( Memento from April 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )

Footnotes

^ The Genographic Project at National Geographic
↑ Mannis van Oven, Manfred Kayser: Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. In: Human Mutation. 30, 2009, p. E386, PMID 18853457 . doi : 10.1002 / humu.20921 .

[GP-1] The Genographic Project at National Geographic

[2] Mannis van Oven, Manfred Kayser: Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. In: Human Mutation. 30, 2009, p. E386, PMID 18853457 . doi : 10.1002 / humu.20921 .

Haplogroup U

contents

family tree

See also

Web links

Footnotes