Haplogroup U
Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA | |
---|---|
Surname | U |
Possible time of origin | 55,000 years ago |
Possible place of origin | Western Asia |
predecessor | Haplogroup R (mtDNA) |
successor | U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6, U7, U8, K |
Mutations | 73, 7028, 11719, 12308, 14766 |
The haplogroup U is a haplogroup of the mitochondria ( mtDNA ) in human genetics .
It represents a group of people descended from a woman of the haplogroup R (mtDNA) from a branch of the geographical family tree. This woman lived about 55,000 years ago. Their descendants produced various subgroups, some of which now live in very different geographical home countries. The old age has led to a wide distribution of these subgroups and to refuges in Europe , North Africa , India , Arabia , North Caucasus and the Middle East .
The mtDNA haplogroup U can be subdivided into further subgroups. Including the mtDNA haplogroup U5, which is widespread in Europe. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Evas , Bryan Sykes names the first mother of this mtDNA haplogroup U5 the name Ursula.
family tree
This phylogenetic family tree of the subgroups of haplogroup U is based on a publication by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.
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U
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U1
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U1a'c
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U1a
- U1a1
- U1a2
- U1a3
- U1c
-
U1a
- U1b
-
U1a'c
-
U5
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U5a
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U5a1
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U5a1a
- U5a1a1
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U5a1b
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U5a1b1
- U5a1b1a
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U5a1b1
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U5a1a
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U5a2
- U5a2a
- U5a2b
- U5a2c
- U5a2d
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U5a1
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U5b
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U5b1
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U5b1b
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U5b1b1
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U5ab1b1a
- U5ab1b1a1
- U5b1b1b
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U5ab1b1a
- U5b1b2
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U5b1b1
- U5b1c
- U5b1d
- U5b1e
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U5b1b
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U5b2
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U5b2a
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U5b2a1
- U5b2a1a
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U5b2a1
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U5b2a2
- U5b2a2a
- U5b2b
- U5b2c
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U5b2a
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U5b3
- U5b3a
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U5b1
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U5a
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U6
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U6a'b'd
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U6a
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U6a1
- U6a1a
- U6a1b
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U6a2
- U6a2a
- U6a3
- U6a4
- U6a5
- U6a6
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U6a7
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U6a7a
- U6a7a1
- U6a7b
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U6a7a
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U6a1
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U6b
- U6b1
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U6d
- U6d1
- U6c
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U6a
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U2'3'4'7'8
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U2
- U2a
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U2b
- U2b1
- U2b2
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U2c
- U2c1
- U2d
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U2e
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U2e1
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U2e1a
- U2e1a1
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U2e1a
- U2e2
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U2e1
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U3
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U3a
- U3a1
- U3a2
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U3b
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U3b1
- U3b1a
- U3b2
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U3b1
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U3a
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U4'9
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U4
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U4a
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U4a1
- U4a1a
- U4a1b
- U4a1c
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U4a2
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U4a2a
- U4a2a1
- U4a2b
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U4a2c
- U4a2c1
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U4a2a
- U4a3
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U4a1
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U4b
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U4b1
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U4b1a
- U4b1a1
- U4b1a2
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U4b1a3
- U4b1a3a
- U4b1b
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U4b1a
- U4b2
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U4b1
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U4c
- U4c1
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U4d
- U4d1
- U4d2
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U4a
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U9
- U9a
- U9b
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U4
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U7
- U7a
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U8
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U8a
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U8a1
- U8a1a
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U8a1
- U8b'K
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U8a
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U2
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U6a'b'd
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U1
See also
Evolution Tree Haplogroup Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Web links
- Biology Center Austria on Haplogroup U ( Memento from April 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Footnotes
- ^ The Genographic Project at National Geographic
- ↑ Mannis van Oven, Manfred Kayser: Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. In: Human Mutation. 30, 2009, p. E386, PMID 18853457 . doi : 10.1002 / humu.20921 .