Haplogroup L3

Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA
Surname	L3
Possible time of origin	84,000 to 104,000 years ago
Possible place of origin	East Africa
predecessor	L3'4
successor	L3a, L3b'c'd'j, L3e'i'k'x, L3f, L3h, M, N
Mutations	769, 1018, 16311

The haplogroup L3 is a haplogroup of the mitochondria in human genetics . The researchers believe that haplogroup L3 was formed between 84,000 and 104,000 years ago.

It is particularly widespread in East Africa, in contrast to Sub-Saharan Africa , where haplogroups L1 and L2 make up around two thirds of the mtDNA haplogroups.

L3 is divided into several subgroups, one of which gave rise to the macro-aplogroups M and N, from which most of the non-African descendants.

According to Maca-Meyer et al. (2001): "Haplogroup L3 is more closely related to Eurasian haplogroups than the diverging African clusters L1 and L2".

family tree

This phylogenetic family tree of the subgroups of haplogroup L3 is based on a publication by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.

L3'4
- L3
  - L3a
  - L3b'c'd'j
    - L3b
      - L3b1
        
        L3b1a
        
        L3b1a1
        
        L3b1a2
        
        L3b1b
        L3b1b1
      - L3b2
    - L3c
    - L3d
      - L3d1-5
        
        L3d1
        
        L3d1a
        L3d1a1
        L3d1a1a
        
        L3d1b
        L3d1b1
        
        L3d1c
        
        L3d1d
        
        L3d2
        
        L3d3
        L3d3a
        
        B3d4
        
        B3d5
    - L3j
  - L3e'i'k'x
    - L3e
      - L3e1
        
        L3e1a
        
        L3e1a1
        L3e1a1a
        
        L3e1a2
        
        B3e1a3
        
        L3e1b
        
        L3e1c
        
        L3e1d
        
        L3e1e
      - L3e2
        
        L3e2a
        
        L3e2b
        
        L3e2b1
        
        L3e2b2
      - L3e3'4'5
        
        B3e3'4
        
        B3e3
        
        B3e3a
        
        L3e3b
        
        B3e4
        
        B3e5
    - L3i
      - L3i1
        
        L3i1a
        
        L3i1b
      - L3i2
    - L3k
    - L3x
      - L3x1
      - L3x2
        
        L3x2a
        L3x2a1
        L3x2a1a
        
        L3x2b
  - L3f
    - B3f1
      - L3f1a
      - L3f1b
        
        L3f1b1
        
        L3f1b2
        
        L3f1b3
        
        L3f1b4
        L3f1b4a
        L3f1b4a1
    - B3f2
      - L3f2b
    - B3f3
  - L3h
    - L3h1
      - L3h1a
        
        L3h1a1
        
        L3h1a2
        
        L3h1a2a
        
        L3h1a2b
      - L3h1b
        L3h1b1
        L3h1b1a
    - L3h2
  - M.
  - N

Individual evidence

↑ Sarah A. Tishkoff et al .: Whole mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African lineages . In: Molecular Biology Evolution , Vol. 24 (2007), Issue 3, pp. 757-768, ISSN 0737-4038 .
^ Douglas C. Wallace et al .: Origin of haplogroup M in Ethiopia . In: American Journal of Human Genetics , Vol. 67 (2000), Supplement, p. 217, ISSN 0002-9297 .
^ Nicole Maca-Meyer et al .: Major genomic mitochondrial lineages delineate early human expansions . In: BMC Genetics , Vol. 2 (2001), p. 13, ISSN 1471-2156 .
↑ Mannis van Oven, Manfred Kayser: Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. In: Human Mutation. 30, 2009, p. E386, PMID 18853457 . doi : 10.1002 / humu.20921 .