Haplogroup D (mtDNA)

Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA
Surname	D.
Possible time of origin	60,000 years ago
Possible place of origin	Asia
predecessor	M.
successor	D4, 16189
Mutations	4883, 5178A, 16362
carrier	Indians, Asians

The haplogroup D is a haplogroup of the mitochondria ( mtDNA ) in human genetics . Researchers believe that it originated in Asia around 60,000 years ago. She is a descendant of the haplogroup M.

Haplogroup D is found in Northeast Asia (including Siberia) and is also one of five Indian haplogroups , the others being A, B, C, and X.

Haplogroup D is found quite frequently in Central Asia , where it is the second most common mtDNA haplogroup (after H). Haplogroup D is also known at low frequency in northeast Europe and southwest Asia.

In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Evas , Bryan Sykes names the first mother of this mtDNA haplogroup the name Djigona.

family tree

This phylogenetic family tree of the subgroups of haplogroup D is based on a publication by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.

D.
- D4
  - D1
    - D1a
    - D1b
    - D1c
    - D1d
  - D4a
    - D4a1
      - D4a1a
      - D4a1b
      - D4a1c
    - D4a2
      - D4a2a
    - D4a3
      - D4a3a
    - D4a4
  - D4b
    - D4b1
      - D3
      - D4b1a
        
        D4b1a1
        
        D4b1a2
        D4b1a2a
        D4b1a2a1
        D4b1a2a1a
      - D4b1b
        
        D4b1b1
        
        D4b1b1a
        
        D4b1b2
    - D4b2
      - D4b2a
        
        D4b2a1
        
        D4b2a2
        
        D4b2a2a
        
        D4b2a2b
      - D4b2b
        
        D4b2b1
        
        D4b2b1a
        
        D4b2b1b
        
        D4b2b2
        
        D4b2b3
  - D4c
    - D4c1
      - D4c1a
        D4c1a1
      - D4c1b
        D4c1b1
    - D4c2
  - D4d
  - D4e
    - D4e1
      - D2
        
        D2a
        D2a1
        
        D2a1a
        
        D2a1b
        
        D2b
      - D4e1a
        
        D4e1a1
        
        D4e1a2
  - D4e2
    - - D4e2a
      - D4e2b
      - D4e2c
  - D4f
  - D4g
    - D4g1
      - D4g1a
      - D4g1b
      - D4g1c
    - D4g2
      - D4g2a
        D4g2a1
  - D4h
    - D4h1
      - D4h1a
    - D4h3
  - D4i
    - D4i1
    - D4i2
  - D4j
  - D4k
  - D4l
    - D4l1
    - D4l2
      - D4l2a
  - D4m
    - D4m1
    - D4m2
  - D4n
    - D4n1
  - D4o
    - D4o1
    - D4o2
  - D5
    - D5a'b
      - D5a
        
        D5a1
        D5a1a
        
        D5a2
        D5a2a
        D5a2a1
        
        D5a2a1a
        
        D5a2a1b
      - D5b
        
        D5b1
        
        D5b1a
        
        D5b1b
        D5b1b1
        
        D5b2
    - D5c
    - D5d
      - D5d1
  - D6