Haplogroup M (Y-DNA)

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Haplogroup of the Y chromosome
Surname M.
Possible time of origin 10,000 to 30,000 years ago
Possible place of origin Southeast Asia - Melanesia
predecessor K
Mutations P256
Haplogroup M on the Y chromosome. Geographical distribution of New Guinea , Maluku over the Fiji and Tonga islands.

Haplogroup M is a haplogroup of the Y chromosome in human genetics . This haplogroup is found in varying densities in populations of eastern Indonesia , Melanesia (including Papua New Guinea ), Micronesia, and Polynesia . The males of Papua New Guinea and Melanesia have haplogroup M chromosomes. It is the subsequent haplogroup of K. It is believed that it originated 10,000 years ago.

Subgroups

The subgroups of haplogroup M with their distinguishing mutation, according to Karafet et al. (2008).

    • Haplogroup M (P256)
      • M1 (M4, M5, M106, M186, M189, P35) Typical for Papua New Guinea
        • M1 *
        • M1a (P34) has been in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia found
          • M1a *
          • M1a1 (P51)
        • M1b (P87)
          • M1b *
          • M1b1 (M104 (P22)) Typical for populations of the Bismarck Archipelago and Bougainville
            • M1b1 *
            • M1b1a (M16)
            • M1b1b (M83)
      • M2 (M353, M387) found in low concentrations in the Solomon Islands and Fiji Islands
        • M2 *
        • M2a (SRY9138 (M177))
      • M3 (P117) found in Melanesia

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tatiana M. Karafet, Fernando L. Mendez, Monica B. Meilerman, Peter A. Underhill, Stephen L. Zegura, Michael F. Hammer: New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree ( English ) old Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. April 2, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  2. ↑ Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders , Tatiana M. Karafet, JS Lansing, Alan J. Redd, Joseph C. Watkins, SPK Surata, WA Arthawiguna, Laura Mayer, Michael Bamshad, Lynn B. Jorde, and Michael F. Hammer, Human Biology (Feb. 2005)
  3. ↑ Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23 (8): 1628-1641

Web links

Evolution tree haplogroups Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)
Adam of the Y chromosome
A00 A0'1'2'3'4
A0 A1'2'3'4
A1 A2'3'4
A2'3 A4 = BCDEF
A2 A3 B. CT 
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DE CF
D. E. C. F.
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G IJK H  
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G1 G2  IJ K 
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I. J L. K (xLT) T
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I1 I2 J1 J2 M. NO P S.
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N O Q R.
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R1 R2
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R1a R1b