Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup of the Y chromosome
Surname	A.
Possible place of origin	Africa
predecessor	Adam of the Y chromosome
successor	A1, A2, A3
Mutations	M91
Highest frequencies	Tsumkwe San (Namibia) 66%, Nama (Namibia) 64%, Dinka (Sudan) 62%, Shilluk (Sudan) 53%, !Kung / Sekele 36% -47%, Nuba (Sudan) 46%, Khoisan 44%, Ethiopian Jews 41%, Borgu (Sudan) 35%, Nuer (Sudan) 33%, Fur (Sudan) 31%, Masai (Kenya) 27%, Masalit (Sudan) 19%, Amharen (Ethiopia) 15% -17%, Mandara (Cameroon) 14%, Bantu (Kenya) 14%, Ethiopians 14%, Hausa (Sudan) 12.5%, Fulbe (Cameroon) 12%, Khwe (South Africa) 12%, Damara (Namibia) 11%, Oromo (Ethiopia ) 10%, Southern Semites (Ethiopia) 10%

Distribution of important haplogroups on the African continent.

In human genetics, haplogroup A is a haplogroup of the Y chromosome . Haplogroup A is found mainly in southern Africa and occurs in small numbers in a few population groups in East Africa . It is believed that this haplogroup corresponds to the Adam on the Y chromosome .

distribution

Haplogroup A is widespread among the Khoisan and San , where it occurs in great diversity. This fact implies that this is the original haplogroup of these races. According to a study by Knight et al. Haplogroup A was found in amounts of 12–44% in various tribes of the Khoisan. Interestingly enough, this haplogroup was not found among the Hadzabe in Tanzania, who are traditionally considered a remnant of the Khoisan, because their language contains clicks like these . Semino et al. 2001 found haplogroup A in a study in 10.3% of the Oromo (people) and 14.6 percent in samples of the Amharen in Ethiopia. It occurs in particularly high quantities (41%, Cruciani et al. 2002) among Ethiopian Jews , in significant numbers among the Bantu in Kenya (Luis et al. 2004), among the Iraqw in Tanzania (17%, Knight et al . 2003) and the Fulbe in Cameroon (12%, Cruciani). The highest density in East Africa was found in the Sudanese population with 42.5% (Underhill et al. 2000).

See also

• Spread of man
• Adam of the Y chromosome

swell

1. ↑ Ornella Semino, A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, Francesco Falaschi, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza , Peter A. Underhill: Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny . In: The American Journal of Human Genetics . tape 70 , no. 1 , January 2002, p. 265 , doi : 10.1086 / 338306 .
2. ↑ Turi E. King, Emma J. Parkin, Geoff Swinfield, Fulvio Cruciani, Rosaria Scozzari, Alexandra Rosa, Si-Keun Lim, Yali Xue, Chris Tyler-Smith, Mark A. Jobling: Africans in Yorkshire? The deepest-rooting clade of the Y phylogeny within an English genealogy . In: European Journal of Human Genetics . tape 15 , no. 3 , January 24, 2007, p. 288-293 , doi : 10.1038 / sj.ejhg.5201771 .

Web links

• African project
• Spread of Haplogroup A , from National Geographic

Evolution tree haplogroups Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)
	Adam of the Y chromosome
		A00		A0'1'2'3'4
			A0	A1'2'3'4
				A1	A2'3'4
					A2'3	A4 = BCDEF
				A2	A3		B.		CT
												|
							DE				CF
				D.		E.				C.		F.
								|
									G								IJK		H
									|									|
							G1	G2								IJ	K
																|						|
													I.		J						L.			K (xLT)		T
													|				|							|
											I1			I2			J1		J2				M.	NO		P		S.
																								|			|
													|														|
											N		O													Q	R.
																												|
																										R1		R2
																										|
																								R1a			R1b