Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
Haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA | |
---|---|
Surname | H |
Possible time of origin | 25,000-30,000 years ago |
Possible place of origin | Southwest Asia , Middle East |
predecessor | HV |
successor | H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, H16, H17, H18, H19, H20, H21, H25 |
Mutations | A2706A, C7028C |
carrier | Most of the Europeans |
In human genetics, haplogroup H is a haplogroup of the mitochondria .
The Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), the mitochondrial sequence with which all other sequences are compared, belongs to haplogroup H.
With 40% to 50%, haplogroup H is the most common mtDNA haplogroup in Europe . This haplogroup is also common in North Africa and the Middle East . This density drops in the southeast of the continent to 20% in the Middle East and in the Caucasus .
According to FamilyTreeDNA , the nucleotide position 4336 tRNA variant of haplogroup H is related to the later onset of Alzheimer's disease .
In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes is the matriarch of this haplogroup Helena.
family tree
This phylogenetic family tree of the subgroups of haplogroup H is based on a publication by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.
- HV
- H
- H1
- H1a
- H1a1
- H1a2
- H1b
- H1f
- H1g
- H1k
- H1q
- H1c
- H1c1
- H1c2
- H1c3
- H1e
- H1e1
- H1e1a
- H1e2
- H1e1
- H1h
- H1i
- H1j
- H1m
- H1n
- H1o
- H1p
- H1r
- H1s
- H1t
- H1u
- H1a
- H2
- H2a
- H2a1
- H2a1a
- H2a2
- H2a2a
- H2a2b
- H2a2b1
- H2a3
- H2a4
- H2a5
- H2a5a
- H2a1
- H2b
- H2a
- H3
- H3a
- H3b
- H3c
- H3d
- H3e
- H3f
- H3g
- H4
- H4a
- H4a1
- H4a1a
- H4a1a1
- H4a1a1a
- H4a1a1
- H4a1b
- H4a1a
- H4a2
- H4a1
- H4b
- H4a
- H5'36
- H5
- H5a
- H5a1
- H5a2
- H5b
- H5a
- H5
- H36
- H36a
- H6
- H6a
- H6a1
- H6a1a
- H6a1a1
- H6a1a1a
- H6a1b
- H6a1b1
- H6a1b2
- H6a1a1
- H6a1a
- H6a1
- H6b
- H6a
- H8
- H7
- H7a
- H7a1
- H7b
- H7b1
- H7c
- H7a
- H9
- H9a
- H10
- H10a
- H10a1
- H10a
- H11
- H11a
- H11a2
- H11a
- H12
- H13
- H13a
- H13a1
- H13a1a
- H13a1a1
- H13a1a1a
- H13a1a2
- H13a1a1
- H13a1a
- H13a2
- H13a2a
- H13a2a1
- H13a2b
- H13a2b1
- H13a2a
- H13a1
- H13b
- H13a
- H14
- H14a
- H14a1
- H14a
- H15
- H15a
- H15a1
- H15b
- H15a
- H16
- H16a
- H16b
- H17
- H17a
- H27
- H18
- H19
- H20
- H20a
- H21
- H30
- H22
- H23
- H24
- H25
- H26
- H28
- H29
- H31
- H32
- H33
- H34
- H35
- H37
- H38
- H39
- H1
- H
See also
Evolution Tree Haplogroup Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Web links
- Biology Center Austria on Haplogroup H ( Memento from April 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ghezzi et al. (2005): Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians , European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, pp. 748-752.
- ↑ Atlas of the Human Journey - The Genographic Project ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ A. Achilli et al. : The Molecular Dissection of mtDNA Haplogroup H Confirms That the Franco-Cantabrian Glacial Refuge Was a Major Source for the European Gene Pool . AJHG, 2004.
- ↑ Dan Mishmara et al. : "Natural selection shaped regional mtDNA variation in humans", PNAS, January 7, 2003, Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 171-176. ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 304 kB)
- ↑ Mannis van Oven, Manfred Kayser: Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. In: Human Mutation. 30, 2009, p. E386, PMID 18853457 . doi : 10.1002 / humu.20921 .