Haplogroup T (Y-DNA)

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Haplogroup of the Y chromosome
Surname T
Possible time of origin 19,000 to 34,000 years ago
Possible place of origin West asia
predecessor K
Mutations M184 / PAGES34 / USP9Y + 3178, M272, PAGES129, L810, L455, L452, L445
carrier some Fulbe
Haplogroup T

Haplogroup T is a haplogroup of the Y chromosome in human genetics . From 2002 to 2008 it was known as haplogroup K2. It is not to be confused with the haplogroup T of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It is generally understood that the genetic marker UEP corresponds to the single nucleotide polymorphism M70. Other SNPs, M184, M193, M272, are currently considered phylogenetically equivalent.

origin

K2-M70 is believed to originate in Asia after the formation of the K-M9 polymorphism (45-30 ky). As can be seen from the shared data, K2-M70 carriers migrated south to Africa at a later date. While these chromosomes occur in relatively high density in Egypt , Oman , Tanzania , Ethiopia and Morocco , their presence is particularly evident in the Fulbe (18%), in which the highest concentration of this haplogroup was found to date.

distribution

Haplogroup T-M70 is a haplogroup that only occurs in low frequency. It became the Somali among the Sciacca (18%), Fulbe (18%), Eivissa (17%), Stilfs (13.5%), Xibe (12.5%), in 10.4% (21/201) , Upper Egypt (10.3%), Lasithi (8.7%), in 8.3% (10/121) the Omani , in 8.2% (12/147) of the Egyptians , Liébana (8.1%) , discovered in 7.2% (10/139) of Iraqis and Serbs (7.4% according to Marjanovic et al.; 7.1% according to Pericic et al.)

Other regions in which the haplogroup was found in significant amounts are South India , United Arab Emirates (8/164 or 4.9%), Ethiopia (6/126 or 4.8%), Lebanon (43/914 or 4, 7%), the Iraqw people in Tanzania (2/43 or 4.7%), East India (14/367 or 3.8%), southern Iran (4/117 or 3.4%), Turkey (13 / 523 or 2.5%), and the Iberian Peninsula (16/629 or 2.5%) (18/305 or 5.9%) According to these data, obtained through commercial DNA testing, 3.9% the Italian to this haplogroup. Probably 3% of the Sephardim and 2% of the Ashkenazim belong to haplogroup T.

The distribution of the haplogroup T in most parts of Europe is very small or regionally limited, e.g. B. was this haplogroup of a pool of six samples of men from the southwest in 1.7% (10/591) of Russia , including Russians of Roslavl , Livny , Pristen, Repievka, Belgorod and Kuban Cossacks of Adygea found, but they lacked a Pool of eight samples from a total of 637 people from the northern half of European Russia.

It was noticeable among the population of India that the haplogroup T was particularly common among the Bauri, a Dalit caste of fishermen in East India, and the Kurru (also known as Yerukula), a Dravida tribe in southern India.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Underhill et al. 2001a ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.stanford.edu  
  2. ↑ Underhill et al. 2000; Cruciani et al. 2002; Semino et al. 2002; present study
  3. ↑ [Scozzari et al. 1997, 1999]
  4. ↑ a b J. R. Luis, DJ Rowold, M. Regueiro, B. Caeiro, C. Cinnioğlu, C. Roseman, PA Underhill, LL Cavalli-Sforza, RJ Herrera: The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations. In: American Journal of Human Genetics . Volume 74, number 3, March 2004, pp. 532-544, doi : 10.1086 / 382286 , PMID 14973781 , PMC 1182266 (free full text). ( Errata ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hpgl.stanford.edu
  5. ↑ Juan J Sanchez, Charlotte Hallenberg, Claus Børsting, Alexis Hernandez and Niels Morling, "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13 , 856-866
  6. ↑ N. Al-Zahery, O. Semino, G. Benuzzi, C. Magri, G. Passarino, A. Torroni, and AS Santachiara-Benerecetti, "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations, " Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2003)
  7. ↑ Called "Wairak" and misidentified as Bantu in the studies.
  8. ↑ Alicia M Cadenas, Lev A Zhivotovsky, Luca L Cavalli-Sforza, Peter A Underhill and Rene J Herrera, "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman," European Journal of Human Genetics (2007), 1–13
  9. ↑ M. Regueiro et al. : "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration," Human Heredity , 2006, vol. 61, pp. 132-43.
  10. ↑ Cinnioglu, Cengiz, et al., "Excavating Y-Chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia," Human Genetics , 2004, vol. 114, pp. 127-48.
  11. ↑ Carlos Flores, Nicole Maca-Meyer, Ana M González, Peter J Oefner, Peidong Shen, Jose A Pérez, Antonio Rojas, Jose M Larruga and Peter A Underhill, "Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography, " European Journal of Human Genetics (2004) 12, 855-863 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group
  12. ↑ Sanghamitra Sahoo, Anamika Singh, G. Himabindu, Jheelam Banerjee, T. Sitalaximi, Sonali Gaikwad, R. Trivedi, Phillip Endicott, Toomas Kivisild, Mait Metspalu, Richard Villems, and VK Kashyap: A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103, 2006, p. 843, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0507714103 .
  13. ↑ Pierre A. Zalloua, Yali Xue, Jade Khalife, Nadine Makhoul, Labib Debiane, Daniel E. Platt, Ajay K. Royyuru, Rene J. Herrera, David F. Soria Hernanz, Jason Blue-Smith, R. Spencer Wells, David Comas, Jaume Bertranpetit, Chris Tyler-Smith, and The Genographic Consortium, "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events," The American Journal of Human Genetics 82, 873-882, April 2008.
  14. ^ Italy DNA Project blog , "What a difference a year makes" (posted Tuesday, September 04, 2007), based on data from the Italy DNA Project at Family Tree DNA
  15. ^ Nicholas Wade, " Study Raises Possibility of Jewish Tie for Jefferson ," The New York Times (February 28, 2007)
  16. ↑ Oleg Balanovsky, Siiri Rootsi, Andrey Pshenichnov, Toomas Kivisild, Michail Churnosov, Irina Evseeva, Elvira Pocheshkhova, Margarita Boldyreva, Nikolay Yankovsky, Elena Balanovska, and Richard Villems: Two sources of the Russian patrilineal heritage in their Eurasian context. In: American Journal of Human Genetics . Volume 82, number 1, January 2008, pp. 236-250, doi : 10.1016 / j.ajhg.2007.09.019 , PMID 18179905 , PMC 2253976 (free full text).
  17. ↑ R. Trivedi, Sanghamitra Sahoo, Anamika Singh, G. Hima Bindu, Jheelam Banerjee, Manuj Tandon, Sonali Gaikwad, Revathi Rajkumar, T Sitalaximi, Richa Ashma, GBN Chainy and VK Kashyap, "High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations " (PDF; 198 kB)
Evolution tree haplogroups Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)
Adam of the Y chromosome
A00 A0'1'2'3'4
A0 A1'2'3'4
A1 A2'3'4
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A2 A3 B. CT 
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