House Mowbray

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The Mowbray house consists of two noble Norman families who owned the estate of Geoffroy de Montbray , Bishop of Coutances , which was formed after the Norman conquest of England .

Family history

Geoffroy de Montbray had accompanied William the conqueror on his campaign for the crown of England and had been rewarded for his support with around 280 goods. His nephew Robert de Montbray was made Earl of Northumbria , but lost this title due to his rebellion against William II , and then disappeared (depending on the source) in prison or in a monastery.

Robert's marriage to Matilda de L'Aigle was annulled, after 1107 she married Nigel d'Aubigny, who then received the goods of the Montbrays. Nigel divorced Matilda in 1118 and married Gundred de Gournay, who became his son's mother. This, Roger d'Aubigny, took the name Montbray at the behest of Henry I after he had inherited his father. This second Montbray family is therefore not related by blood to the first Montbray family, it was only in possession of the goods. Over time, the name Montbray slipped into Mowbray.

William de Mowbray († around 1224) was one of the 25 barons who were supposed to monitor compliance with the provisions of the Magna Charta . John Mowbray († 1379) was appointed Earl of Nottingham in 1377 , his brother Thomas († 1399) in 1383 as Lord Marshal of England (from 1397 Earl Marshal ) and in 1397 as Duke of Norfolk . He was deposed as Earl Marshal in 1398, and then as Duke in 1399 with the accession of Henry IV to the throne . In the same year he inherited from his maternal grandmother the title of Earl of Norfolk , which he also passed on to his descendants. In 1412 the Earl Marshal was returned to John Mowbray as a hereditary dignity , and in 1425 the title of duke was restored. His grandson John († 1476) was the last Duke of Norfolk in the family, his daughter Anne Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk († 1481) was born in 1478 at the age of 5 with Richard of Shrewsbury, who was a few months younger , 1st Duke of York (and then from 1481 also Duke of Norfolk), the second son of King England , who disappeared in 1483 as one of the two princes in the Tower .

With Richard's death, the inheritance passed to John Howard , whose mother was a Mowbray. Since John Howard was in charge of guarding the night the princes disappeared from the Tower, he is seen as one of those who had an interest in their death.

Tribe list

The Montbray

  1. NN
    1. Geoffroy de Montbray († February 2, 1093), 1049 Bishop of Coutances
    2. Roger de Montbray
      1. Robert de Montbray († 1125), Earl of Northumbria 1086-1095, expropriated and imprisoned, died as a monk; ⚭ 1095 Matilda, daughter of Richard de l'Aigle ( house l'Aigle ) and Judith, sister of Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester ( house Conteville ), the marriage was annulled; after 1107 she married Nigel d'Aubigny, divorced in 1118
    3. Alicia; ⚭ Roger d'Aubigny, Seigneur d' Aubigny

The Aubigny

  1. Roger d'Aubigny; ⚭ Alicia, sister of Geoffroy de Montbray - see Aubigny house
    1. Nigel d'Aubigny († 1129), received the repudiated goods Robert de Montbrays; ⚭ I after 1107 Matilde de l'Aigle, daughter of Richard de l'Aigle and Judith, after annulled marriage with Robert de Montbray, Earl of Northumbria, divorced in 1118; ⚭ II Gundred de Gournay, daughter of Gerard de Gournay and Edith de Warenne, daughter of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey ( House of Warenne )
      1. Roger de Mowbray (Roger d'Aubigny) (* around 1120, † 1188 Tyros ), of age in 1138, then took the name "de Montbray"; ⚭ after 1141 Alice de Gant († around 1181), daughter of Walter de Gant ( House of Gent ), widow of Ilbert de Lacy
        1. Nigel (* 1146, † 1191 at the siege of Acre ); ⚭ 1170 Mabel († 1203)
          1. William (* around 1173, † around 1222), Baron of Axholme , one of the 25 signing barons of the Magna Charta ; ⚭ Agnes, daughter of William d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of Arundel
            1. Nigel, † after 1228; ⚭ Maud, daughter of Roger de Camvile
            2. Roger, of age 1240, † 1266
              1. Roger (* 1254, † November 21, 1297), 1st Baron Mowbray; ⚭ Rohese de Clare (1252–1317) , daughter of Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford - for descendants see below
          2. Roger († around 1218)
        2. Robert (* 1149, 1173/74 attested)
        3. Daughter , nun in the monastery of Sainte-Trinité in Caen
    2. William d'Aubigny († 1139), buried in Wymondham Priory, Norfolk; ⚭ Maud, daughter of Roger Bigod ( House Bigod ) and Alice de Tosny ( House Tosny ) - descendants see House Aubigny

The Barons Mowbray

  1. Roger (* 1254, † November 21, 1297), 1st Baron Mowbray; ⚭ Rohese de Clare (* 1252, † 1317), daughter of Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford , 2nd Earl of Gloucester ( House of Clare ) - ancestors see above
    1. John (born September 4, 1286, † executed March 23, 1322), 2nd Baron Mowbray; ⚭ Aline de Braose († around 1331), daughter of William de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose ( House of Braose )
      1. John (born November 29, 1310, † October 4, 1361), 3rd Baron Mowbray; ⚭ I 1330 Joan of Lancaster († 1345), daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth ; ⚭ II NN
        1. Blanche (* 1338, † July 21, 1409), ⚭I March 25, 1349 John Segrave († 1353), ⚭ II Robert Bertram, ⚭ III Thomas Poynings, ⚭ IV Sir John Worth, ⚭ V Sir John Wiltshire.
        2. John (* June 25, 1340, † 1368), 1361 4th Baron Mowbray, ⚭ March 25, 1349 Elizabeth de Segrave († 1375), 5th Baroness Segrave, daughter of John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave , and Margaret Brotherton, Duchess of Norfolk
          1. Margaret (* 1359, † 1401); ⚭ 1369 Sir Reginald de Lucy († 1437)
          2. Joan (1361–8 September 1410); ⚭ 1380 Sir Thomas Gray († 1400).
          3. Eleanor (* 1364, † 1417); ⚭ May 1386 John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles († 1421).
          4. John (* 1365, † 1379), 1368 5th Baron Mowbray, 1375 6th Baron Segrave, 1377 1st Earl of Nottingham
            1. ? (illegitimate) Eleanor, ⚭ 1416 Simon Cheney
          5. Thomas Mowbray's coat of arms
            Coat of arms of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (bestowed by Richard II)
            Thomas (March 22, 1366, † September 22, 1399), 1383 7th Baron Segrave, 6th Baron Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham, 1397 1st Duke of Norfolk , deposed as Duke in 1399, 3rd Earl of Norfolk in 1399 , Knight of the Order of the Garter , 1383 Earl Marshal ; ⚭ I Elizabeth le Strange, 3rd Baroness Strange, daughter of John le Strange, 2nd Baron Strange; ⚭ II Elizabeth FitzAlan († 1425), daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel and Elizabeth de Bohun ( House of FitzAlan ) - for descendants see below
          6. Anne, Abbess of Barking Abbey
        3. Eleanor (* 1342, † 1387), ⚭ I 1358 Roger La Warre, Baron La Warre († 1370), ⚭ II Sir Lewis de Clifford.
      2. Alexander (* around 1314, † around 1391)
    2. Alexander (* 1288), probably settled in Scotland

The Dukes of Norfolk

  1. Mowbray Coat of Arms as Dukes of Norfolk (Surrey Roll)
    Thomas (March 22, 1366, † September 22, 1399), 1382 7th Baron Segrave, 6th Baron Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham, 1397 1st Duke of Norfolk , deposed as Duke in 1399, 3rd Earl of Norfolk in 1399 , Knight of the Order of the Garter , 1383 Earl Marshal ; ⚭ I Elizabeth le Strange, 3rd Baroness Strange, daughter of John le Strange, 2nd Baron Strange; ⚭ II Elizabeth FitzAlan († 1425), daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel and Elizabeth de Bohun ( House of FitzAlan ) - ancestors see above
    1. Thomas (* 1385, † executed June 8, 1405), 1399 4th Earl of Norfolk, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, 8th Baron Segrave, 7th Baron Mowbray; ⚭ I Constance Holland († 1437), daughter of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter ( House of Holland )
    2. John (1392, † October 19, 1432), 1405 5th Earl of Norfolk, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, 9th Baron Segrave, 8th Baron Mowbray, 1412 Earl Marshal, Knight of the Order of the Garter , 1425 2nd Duke of Norfolk; ⚭ Katherine Neville († after 1483), daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland , and Joan Beaufort ( House of Neville )
      1. John (September 12, 1415, † November 6, 1461), 1432 3rd Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, 6th Earl of Norfolk, 4th Earl of Nottingham, 9th Baron Mowbray, 10th Baron Segrave; ⚭ Eleanor Bourchier, daughter of William Bourchier, Earl of Eu , and Anne of Gloucester , Countess of Buckingham
        1. John (October 18, 1444 - January 14, 1476), 1451 1st Earl of Surrey, 1461 4th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, 5th Earl of Nottingham, 7th Earl of Norfolk, 10th Baron Mowbray, 11th Baron Segrave; ⚭ Elizabeth Talbot († 1506/1507), daughter of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Margaret Beauchamp ( House Talbot )
          1. Anne (born December 10, 1472, † November 19, 1481), 8th Countess of Norfolk, 11th Baroness Mowbray, 12th Baroness Segrave; ⚭ January 15, 1478 Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York († 1483?) ( House Plantagenet )
    3. Margaret (* 1388, † 1459); ⚭ Sir Robert Howard of Tendring († 1436)
      1. John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk († 1485) ( House Howard )
    4. Isabel (* 1396, † 1452); ⚭ I Henry Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Groby , ⚭ II James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley († 1463).

literature

  • Sir Bernard Burke: Mowbray-Earls of Nottingham, Dukes of Norfolk, Earls-Marshal, Earls of Warren and Surrey. A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, of the British Empire. Wm Clowes and Sons, London, 1962.
  • George Edward Cokayne , Vicary Gibbs, HA Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand, Lord Howard de Walden (Eds.): The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant , Volume 9. 1910-1959. Reprint in 6 volumes, Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester, 2000.
  • John Horace Round: Mowbray. In: Encyclopædia Britannica 18, 11th edition, p. 948.
  • Dictionary of National Biography :
    • Hugh M. Thomas: Mowbray, Sir Roger (I) de (d. 1188). 2004
    • James Tait, Hugh M. Thomas: Mowbray, William de (c.1173 – c.1224). Online version, October 2005
    • Rowena E. Archer: Mowbray, John (I), second Lord Mowbray (1286-1322). Online version, January 2008
    • Rowena E. Archer: Mowbray, John (II), third Lord Mowbray (1310-1361). 2004
    • Rowena E. Archer: Mowbray, John (III), fourth Lord Mowbray (1340-1368). Online version, January 2008
    • Rowena E. Archer: Mowbray, John (V), second duke of Norfolk (1392-1432). Online version, January 2008
    • Rowena E. Archer: Mowbray, Thomas (II), second earl of Nottingham (1385-1405). Online version, January 2008