Heiligenrode (Niestetal)

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Heiligenrode
community Niestetal
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 31 ″  N , 9 ° 34 ′ 47 ″  E
Height : 187 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 4250
Incorporation : August 1, 1972
Postal code : 34266
Area code : 0561

Heiligenrode is a district of the municipality of Niestetal in the northern Hessian district of Kassel .

Geographical location

Heiligenrode is located immediately east of the city of Kassel on the western foothills of the Kaufunger Forest with the local Mühlenberg ( 351.8  m above sea  level ) and southeast of Sandershausen (the second district of Niestetal). The border from Heiligenrode to the Kassel district of Bettenhausen is formed by the course of the federal motorway 7 , from which Heiligenrode can be reached via the Kassel-Nord junction . The village is traversed by the Nieste , an eastern tributary of the Fulda . On the southern edge of the village is the Heiligenrode Park with the source of the Fulda tributary Haargraben . The northeastern neighborhood is Uschlag and Kaufungen to the southeast .

history

middle Ages

Heiligenrode was created as a Hufendorf with the church as the center. In 1123, the Kaufungen monastery had clearings carried out in the outskirts of the Fulda basin and its side valleys and clearing villages established. Heiligenrode was one of these clearing villages.

The village "Helingenrodh" was first mentioned in a document from the Kaufungen monastery on May 8th, 1123. At the request of Abbess Gisela, Emperor Heinrich V gave the two villages of Heiligenrode and Umbach to the monastery serving God there sharing back. The fact that both Heiligenrode and Umbach are mentioned in the document from 1123 suggests that both settlements were built around the same time and were close to each other.

In 1126 Archbishop Adalbert von Mainz decreed that from the villages of "Helegenrod" and "Umbach" the tenth sheaf of new fields to be cultivated should not be given to the Archdiocese of Mainz , but to the Kaufungen Monastery.

Income from mills on the Nieste was transferred to the Ahnaberg Monastery in 1366, which leads to the conclusion that there were already two mills in Heiligenrode, which were called the Upper and Lower Mills.

In 1372, Landgrave Heinrich II of Hesse had income from the village of Heiligenrode, which he donated to a quarter of the Martinskirche in Kassel . A document from May 20, 1366 already mentioned benefices from estates in Heiligenrode and Umbach, which went to the Martinsstift.

At that time the Bishop of Halberstadt was present in Kassel to elevate the Martinskirche - until then a parish church - to a collegiate church, a collegiate church. So the new church "on freedom" was attached to the spiritual St. Martin's monastery.

In July 1385 Heiligenrode and Umbach were damaged in the feud between Archbishop Adolf I of Mainz and the Hessian Landgrave Hermann II .

In the 14th century the monastery village of Heiligenrode became a landgrave village.

In the following centuries Heiligenrode was repeatedly affected by wars or armies passing through. This was the case with the conflicts between Hesse and Braunschweig in the 14th century; The castle ruins Sensenstein (Hessian) and Sichelnstein (Brunswick) are evidence of this. Heiligenrode recovered from the consequences of this campaign, whereas the few inhabitants of neighboring Umbach did not rebuild their farms, so that the place remained desolate.

Modern times

The citizens of Heiligenrode suffered further severe setbacks in the Thirty Years ' and Seven Years' War .

Georg Hachenbold (1589–1620) worked as a preacher in Heiligenrode and Sandershausen (later as pastor in Halberstadt) around 1602. He wrote several ecclesiastical writings during his tenure in Heiligenrode, including the “War Historia Des from [m] en and God-fearing King Josaphats 2. Para. 20 "or the" Trostschrifftlein Fur alle Betrübte Christisten ", both published in 1602 by Scheuer (Cassel).

On July 23, 1758, the "Battle of Sandershauser Berg" took place. Here around 7,000 French (part of Charles de Rohan 's army , Prince de Soubise under Victor-François de Broglie ) fought against 5,000 Hessians and Hanoverians under the leadership of Prince Casimir von Isenburg . The battle was lost for the Hessians and Hanoverians. As a result, the French occupied Kassel again for a short time after the battle. In memory of the brave Hessians and Casimir von Isenburg, a memorial stone was erected on the arterial road between Sandershausen and Landwehrhagen .

It became restless again at the beginning of the 19th century when Napoleonic troops moved to Russia via today's Witzenhäuser Strasse, which leads further east into the Thuringian and Brandenburg regions.

At the First World War 213 men from Heiligenrode participated, 45 of them did not come back.

Second World War

The Second World War began with unrest and stress for Heiligenrode : Saarbrücken was evacuated in 1939 and the Heiligenrode residents had to share their apartments with Saarbrücken families for a few weeks. This led to discomfort, dissatisfaction and tension. But compared to the "burdens" that were to follow, these were rather bearable.

The first air raid occurred in Heiligenrode in the summer of 1940, further attacks followed in October 1943, September and October 1944. Many houses, including the mayor's office on Kasseler Strasse, were badly damaged or destroyed during these attacks.

When American armored troops advanced in early April 1945, heavy fighting broke out in the south and south-west of the village. The residents spent anxious hours and days in the bunkers in the village and in the bunker tunnels in the Viehberg. On April 5th it was all over. 86 men, women and children died during this time, 61 missing persons were registered.

Territorial reform

The merger of the formerly independent communities of Heiligenrode and Sandershausen to form the community of Niestetal took place in the course of the regional reform in Hesse by means of state law on August 1, 1972.

Culture and sights

Local peculiarities

The male villagers used to be called "Knilche". A special feature is the now almost forgotten Heiligenröder village anthem, which is also known as the "Knilchelied":

The (Heiligenröder-) Knilchelied song
We are the Knilche von Heiligenrode
we live and die for our pharr.
Every child knows that we are the boys
we uproot trees - where there are none,
Every child knows that we are the boys
we uproot trees - where there aren't any.

Buildings

Web links

Commons : Heiligenrode  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Hofgeismar, Kassel and Wolfhagen (GVBl. II 330-17) of July 11, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1972 No. 17 , p. 225 , § 1 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  2. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 401 .