Heinrich Hentzi von Arthurm

Heinrich Hentzi Edler von Arthurm , lithograph by Joseph Kriehuber 1849

Coat of arms of Heinrich Hentzi Edlen von Arthurm, awarded in 1844

Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order

Heinrich Hentzi , from 1844 Heinrich Hentzi Edler von Arthurm (born October 24, 1785 in Debrezin , † May 21, 1849 in Budapest (Ofen)) was an Austrian major general .

Life

Heinrich Hentzi entered Austrian service on September 1, 1804 and was initially with the technical associations, the so-called Geniekorps . He was already on September 1, 1805 Lieutenant and on March 1, 1809 Lieutenant promoted.

He took part in the campaigns against Napoléon Bonaparte in the Wars of Liberation . At the beginning of the war he was stationed in the Olomouc Fortress . Later he was assigned to expand the fortress of Komorn . He then took part in some operations on the island of Schütt , for which he was praised by Generals Hessen-Homburg and Wimpfen. In January 1814 he took part in the blockade of Auxonne , as well as in the battles of St. George, Lyon and Voreppe . After the war he was on July 5, 1828 to Major conveyed on June 23, 1834 to lieutenant colonel and on 19 March 1841 , Colonel . On August 16, 1842, he became the commandant of the Sappeur Corps.

For his achievements he was raised to the hereditary Austrian nobility on June 17, 1844 with the predicate Edler von Arthrum .

Then on May 9, 1848, he was appointed major general. He served three months as a brigadier under Lieutenant Field Marshal Schlick in Krakow before he was transferred to the Peterwardein Fortress as commandant . There he took command on September 22, 1848.

During the Hungarian uprising , he was placed under surveillance on October 21st because he refused to join the Hungarian side. On December 17, he was brought to Budapest under guard to try him. However, in January 1849, Field Marshal Windischgrätz entered Budapest and Hentzi was liberated. The field marshal made him city commander and commander of the fortress oven . The fortress was already partially in a desolate condition, Hentzi was supposed to bring it back into shape.

After the imperial army had withdrawn, the Hungarian army under Görgey appeared in front of the fortress on May 3, 1849 and opened the siege of Ofen . Hentzi von Arthurm managed to fend off 20 assault attacks by the rebels until the Hungarians were able to climb the walls on May 21, 1849. During these battles Hentzi, on whose head 5,000 guilders were promised, was fatally wounded and died 15 hours later. After all, he was able to hold the fortress for 17 days with 5,000 defensive troops against 30,000 attacking Hungarians.

Heinrich Hentzi Edler von Arthurm was buried in the Oven cemetery to rest.

In 1850 Hentzi was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order . By order of the emperor, a painting commemorating Hentzi's death was commissioned from the history painter Fritz L'Allemand (1812–1866).

family

Hentzi was married. His only son Heinrich also served in the engineering team . Due to the brave behavior of the general, his widow received a cash gift of 1000 guilders and an allowance of 600 guilders on her pension.

Hentzi Monument in Budapest

Hentzi monument in Buda Castle

On July 11, 1852, in the presence of King Franz Joseph I, the Hentzi memorial initiated by him (and cast in Wien-Landstrasse ) was unveiled, which aroused great resentment among the Hungarian nationalists. In 1872, the move to the Heldensaal of the Vienna Arsenal (partly executed by Hanns Gasser and Franz Bauer , 20.8 meters high and weighing 1,200 hundred pounds ) was under discussion; in 1899 the artifact was removed from the originally prominent installation site on Trinity Square (opposite the Palais Sándor ) in Buda and transferred to the infantry cadet school on Leopoldifelde in the district of Hüvösvölgy . The relocation of the monument was suggested by King Franz Joseph I, who preferred the Hentzis monument to one of the murdered Queen Elisabeth of Hungary (which was already bombed on April 2, 1895) . The planning and installation of the (restored) monument in the cadet school triggered a political crisis, as Hentzi was seen as an intolerable role model for Hungarian military students: Hentzi was posthumously accused of breaking an oath he had made not to take military action against Hungary. After the fall of the Habsburg dynasty in October 1918, the monument was destroyed and its remains were sold to private collectors.

literature

• Joseph Goutta: To the death celebration ( sic ) of the kk General-Major von (on) Hentzi and his braves . (Poem). Furnace 1850. Digitized .
• Austria's heroes and military leaders . Volume 3, part 2. 1855, p. 1456. Digitized .
• Constantin von Wurzbach : Heinrich Hentzi von Arthurm . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 8th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1862, pp. 317–320 ( digitized version ).
• Janko, Wilhelm Edler from:  Hentzi von Arthurm, Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 11.
• Hentzi by Arthurm Heinrich. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 276.

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Hentzi  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Vienna. (…) About taking oven (…). In:  Fremd-Blatt and Tag-News of the Imperial and Royal Capital and Residence City Vienna , No. 181/1849, August 1, 1849, p. 1 (unpaginated), bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). .
• Haynau, field kit master :  Provinces. (...) To the inhabitants of the furnace and the plague. In:  Die Presse , No. 175/1849 (2nd year), July 25, 1849, p. 2 (unpaginated), column 4 middle (unpaginated). (Online at ANNO ). .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Vienna. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 237/1844, August 27, 1844, p. 1769 (unpaginated), top left. (Online at ANNO ). .
2. ↑ Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk Generalität 1816–1918 , Vienna 2007, p. 69 ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on oesta.gv.at, accessed on April 26, 2013 
3. ↑ ÖBL, p. 246
4. ↑ Crown Lands. (...) Pesth, March 25th. In:  Abendblatt der Wiener Zeitung , No. 75/1850, March 28, 1850, p. 297 (unpaginated), center left. (Online at ANNO ). .
5. ↑ Jaromir Hirtenfeld : The Military Maria Theresa Order and its Members , Imperial Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1857, pp. 1753–1754.
6. ^ Oven, July 11th. In:  Die Presse , No. 163/1852 (5th year), July 13, 1852, p. 3 (unpaginated), top left. (Online at ANNO ). .
7. ↑ Little Chronicle. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 22/1852, January 25, 1852, p. 230, center right. (Online at ANNO ). .
8. ↑ The Hentzi Monument. In:  Illustrirtes Wiener Extrablatt , No. 11/1872 (Volume I), April 5, 1872, p. 4. (Online at ANNO ). .
9. ^ Michael Laurence Miller: A Monumental Debate in Budapest. The Hentzi Statue and the Limits of Austro-Hungarian Reconciliation, 1852-1918. In: Austrian history yearbook. 40 2009, pp. 215-237.