Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz
Heinrich Johann Nepomuk Edler von Crantz (also Cranz ; born November 25, 1722 in Roodt near Simmern in Luxembourg ; † January 18, 1797 in Zeiring on his iron mine near Judenburg in Styria ) was an Austrian physician and botanist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Crantz ". Crantz is considered to be the founder of modern balneology .
Live and act
Crantz received his doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1750 after studying with Gerard van Swieten (1700–1772). He specialized early on in the field of obstetrics . For this purpose he was educated by traveling to Paris and London . He trained with Nicolas Puzos (1686–1753) and André Levret (1703–1780).
With his improved knowledge, he introduced obstetrics training in Austria through classes at the St. Marx Hospital. Crantz improved midwifery training and developed an improvement on the Levret forceps . After Melchior Störck's death (1721–1756) in 1756, he took over his chair and taught physiology and materia medica until 1774.
In addition to his medical studies, he dealt with botanical questions as well as with problems of therapeutic baths , where he wrote the first book in 1777 about therapeutic baths in the Habsburg monarchy, in which he described 500 therapeutic baths.
Honors and memberships
As a doctor, he is listed on the roll of honor of the medical faculty at the University of Vienna :
"Heinrich Johann Nepomuk Frh. CRANZ (1722–1797) physician, physiology, botany "
The genera Crantzia Scop. from the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae) and Crantziola F.Muell. from the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae) is named after him. On October 21, 1754, he was elected a member ( matriculation number 593 ) of the Leopoldina with the academic surname Clidemus II .
Fonts
- Commentarius de rupto in partus doloribus a foetu utero. Vienna 1756.
- Introduction to a true and established midwifery art. 1756.
- Materia medica et chirurgica juxta systema naturae digesta. 3 volumes. Vienna 1762, 1765 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf Vol. 1–3, 1779.
- Stirpium Austriacarum fasciculus. 3 parts. Vienna 1762–1767.
- Institutiones botanicae. 1765.
- Institutiones rei herbariae. 1766.
- Classis Umbelliferarum emendata… 1767.
- Primarum linearum institutionum botanicarum clarissimi […] editio altera. 2nd edition, 1767.
- De duabus draconis arboribus botanicarum… 1768.
- Classis Cruciformium emendata… Leipzig 1769.
- De aquis medicatis principatus Transsylvaniae. 1773
- Healthy well of the Austrian monarchy. Vienna 1777.
- Medicinal-surgical drug teaching. Vienna 1785.
literature
- Andreas Elias Büchner : Academiae Sacri Romani Imperii Leopoldino-Carolinae Natvrae Cvriosorvm Historia. Litteris et impensis Ioannis Iustini Gebaueri , Halae Magdebvrgicae 1755, De Collegis, p. 517 digitized
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Crantz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 3rd part. Typogr.-literar.-artist publishing house. Institution (L. C. Zamarski, C. Dittmarsch & Comp.), Vienna 1858, p. 25 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Karl von Hecker: Crantz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 564.
- Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the imperial Leopoldino-Carolinische German academy of natural scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann , Jena 1860, p. 222 digitized
- Leopold Schönbauer: Crantz (Cranz), Heinrich Johann Nepomuk Edler von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 400 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Willi Ule : History of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the years 1852–1887 . With a look back at the earlier times of its existence. Commissioned by Wilhelm Engelmann in Leipzig, Halle 1889, supplements and additions to Neigebaur's history, p. 161 ( archive.org ).
- Fernand Emmel, 2018: Henri Jean Népomucène Crantz - une énigme enfin résolue? Bulletin des Anciens de l'Athénée N ° 36, pages 123–135 (PDF)
Web links
- Entry of Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on January 8, 2018.
- Author entry and list of the described plant names for Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz at the IPNI
- Entry on Cranz Crantz, Johann Heinrich von in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2, page 1910. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
- ↑ Honor plaques of the faculties of the University of Vienna , accessed on November 18, 2012.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Crantz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Crantz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk Edler von (full name); Cranz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian physician and botanist |
DATE OF BIRTH | November 25, 1722 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Roodt near Simmern , Luxembourg |
DATE OF DEATH | January 18, 1797 |
Place of death | Zeiring near Judenburg , Styria |