Heinrich von Burgeis

Heinrich von Burgeis ( fl. 2nd half of the 13th century) was a late medieval preacher monk and spiritual writer from what is now South Tyrol .

Life and Research History

The manuscript ends with the name hainrich von purgews (4th line) and the work title of selen rat (1st and penultimate lines).

About Heinrich von Burgeis only the name is given directly

I prueder Hainrich von Purgews (v. 6541)

known at the end of his only surviving work, Der Seele Rat . A second name can be found around 1462 in the letter of honor from Jakob Püterich von Reichertshausen :

     116.
Hainrich von Purchhauß
Ain Puech vom Rath der Sell has
created opposition to the
enemy.

Since the author of the writing could not be directly connected to a documentary tangible biography, research into his biography had to start with the name.

The suffix "von Purgews / Purchhauß" seemed to suggest an origin from Burgeis (Latin Burgus ) in South Tyrol or Breguzzo (Latin Bergusium , Burgusium ) in Judicaria in Trentino , while Birgitz or a place called Burghaus (-en) are less likely to be seen . Today's research, on the other hand, assumes that the author came from a gender "von Burgeis" who belonged to the ministry of the noble free von Wangen, which means that the name addition does not necessarily represent an individual designation of origin. An Enricus de Breguso can be traced in the vicinity of the Trientine prince-bishop Friedrich von Wangen , a Henricus de Breguç († before 1255; presumably the father of the poet-monk) is documented in 1235 in the episcopal entourage; a Kunz von Burgeis ( Concius de Bergous ) appears as a top witness in a document from 1283 issued in the Bolzano Franciscan monastery . The place names Wangen (municipality Ritten in South Tyrol) and Bergusium / Breguç are attested several times in the Codex Wangianus .

The self-designation as "brother" also raises the question of his religious affiliation . Because of the emphasis on spiritual poverty, the Marienberg Benedictine Abbey and other monastery-owning orders such as the Cistercians could quickly be excluded. Hans-Friedrich Rosenfeld rightly recognized that Heinrich must be a mendicant and committed himself to a Franciscan , although the same criteria also apply to a Dominican . The originally pure assumption that he was a lay minister at the Franciscan monastery in Bozen, where a brother Heinrich can still be documented in 1310, was accepted uncritically in the research literature and found its way into the author's lexicon as an apparent certainty in 1981 . It was only from the 1990s that the question of his origin and religious affiliation was raised anew in research. Today it is most likely that the author is identical with Frater Hainrich von Bergonß, who is attested several times as the first prior of the new Dominican monastery of Bozen , which was established from 1272 , including in documents between 1273 and 1279, as well as in the chronicles of Marx Sittich von Wolkenstein (around 1600) and Ferdinand Troyer (completed 1648).

The soul's advice

Work description

The soul council, Brixen, seminary, Cod.R 7

The only work that has come down from him, entitled Der Seele Rat, is a poetic penance preaching that tries to convey the liberating effect of penance and confession to laypeople in popular language . To this end, the author makes the soul , the conscience , woman penance , wife confession , Ms. remorse and woman fear of God allegorizing personified occur. The dramatic strongest section of the work, the lively and humorous a fight Satan with the Angels before the heavenly court describes, has role models in the fabric tradition of everyone - and fist games. Incidentally, the work has no direct model, but shows stylistic relationships with the Franciscan sermon, for example by Berthold von Regensburg . In parts, the writing can also be viewed as a prince mirror , since critical sections seem to refer to Count Meinhard II of Görz-Tirol, who repeatedly forcibly expanded his territory at the expense of the church:

Hiesstu spitall und chlöster […]
But don't want to spare
yourself about you Jesus Christ (V. 1938; 1942 f.).

While older research was based on a date of origin around 1301/04, today it is assumed to have originated at the time of Heinrich's work as prior in Bolzano, i.e. around the period 1274–1279.

Text sample

Said fraw Pichte, 'I advise you,
La fromde sunde varen!
Vil wol soltu pewaren
That you ruegest in your
another, that shouldn't be.
Didn't do
this yemant , That should mean the same thing.
Say your
debt , So you get Gotes hulde,
Whether your sin was
So free and so swer
That you can't think of yourself.
You
have to name the person , the tail has to do with the wrongdoing. [...] '(V. 933-948)

Mrs. Confession said: “I advise you to
leave the sins of strangers.
Rather, you should be careful not to reprimand someone else
in your confession
, that should not happen.
If someone has done you anything,
leave it to them to confess it.
Speak out your guilt,
in this way you will earn God's grace
even if your sin was
so terrible and serious
that one does not want to know about it.
You have to name the person
who is part of the injustice. "

Lore

The soul council, Brixen, seminary, Cod.R 7

The advice of the soul is handed down in a single, incomplete manuscript. It is contained in the library of the Philosophical-Theological University of Brixen in an anthology (Cod. R. 7) in which it is bound together with an anonymous Passion treatise. The manuscript of Der Seele Rat is not dated, but was probably made between 1438 and 1445 due to the watermark findings. The manuscript is preceded by a layer of ten unscripted leaves, which were presumably intended for the missing beginning of the work. This suggests that the writer may only have an incomplete template available.

reception

Oswald Zingerle , the discoverer of the manuscript, assessed in his discovery note that the poetry was “one of the best of didactic poetry of that time”.

This kept Hans-Friedrich Rosenfeld overestimated for strong:

“For the poet lacks too much the will to create and the talent for form, wide repetitive talkativeness dominates all too strongly; long stretches suffer from lack of expression, and not only is there a complete lack of originality in the style, but also in terms of thought it is not exactly great in most of the work. "

Ingeborg Glier has recently come to a more differentiated assessment:

“Heinrich has the most diverse literary conventions more confidently and more freely than other authors of spiritual allegories. Potential literary ambitions, however, remain clearly subordinate to pastoral intentions. "

Work edition

• Hans-Friedrich Rosenfeld (ed.): Heinrich von Burgus, Der Seele Rat. From the Brixen manuscript (= German texts of the Middle Ages. 37). Weidmann, Berlin 1932 ( limited preview in the Google book search).

literature

• Anton Dörrer: Heinrich von Burgeis and his “soul council”: on the 700th anniversary of the Franciscans in South Tyrol. In: Archives for the Study of Modern Languages; Vol. 167.1935, Issue 3/4, pp. 177-192 ( urn : nbn: at: at-ubi: 2-10344 ).
• Elisabeth De Felip-Jaud, Max Siller (ed.): Heinrich von Burgeis: The soul advice. Symposium on a high medieval preacher monk. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2017, ISBN 978-3-7030-0947-1 .
• Sabine Heimann: Heinrich von Burgeis: The soul advice. In: Rolf Bräuer (Hrsg.): Poetry of the European Middle Ages: a guide through the narrative literature. C. H. Beck, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-406-34563-8 , p. 492 f.
• Peter Kesting:  Heinrich von Burgeis. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 406 f. ( Digitized version ). (outdated)
• Peter Kesting: Heinrich von Burgeis (Burgus). In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 3: Gert van der Schüren - Hildegard von Bingen. de Gruyter, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-11-008778-2 , Sp. 706-707 (accessed via De Gruyter online; out of date).

Web links

• Literature by and about Heinrich von Burgeis in the catalog of the German National Library
• Manuscript census
• Medieval poet Heinrich von Burgeis , ORF, October 27, 2014 (video, 3:24 min.)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Fritz Behrend, Rudolf Wolkan (Ed.): The letter of honor from Püterich von Reichertshausen . Society of Bibliophiles, Weimar 1920, p. 27 u. Facsimile p. 23 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
2. ^ Josef Nössing: The gentlemen of cheeks. In: Oswald Trapp , Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner (ed.): Tiroler Burgenbuch. Volume 5: Sarntal. Athesia, Bozen 1981, ISBN 88-7014-036-9 , pp. 71-78.
3. ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 1 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2005, ISBN 88-901870-0-X , p. 104, No. 60 .
4. ^ ^{A b} Peter Kesting: Heinrich von Burgeis (Burgus). In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 3: Gert van der Schüren - Hildegard von Bingen. de Gruyter, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-11-008778-2 , Sp. 706-707.
5. ↑ Max Siller: The South Tyrolean poet Heinrich von Burgeis and the emergence of the Bozen Dominican monastery (1272–1276). In: Reimo Lunz, Leonardo Dal Ri (ed.): Bozen - From the beginnings to the razing of the city walls. Reports on the international study conference in 1989. Athesia, Bozen 1991, ISBN 88-7014-559-X , pp. 223-231.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Max Siller: The ministerials from Burgeis and the poet Heinrich von Burgeis. Prolegomena for the interpretation of the "soul council." In: Elisabeth De Felip-Jaud, Max Siller (Ed.): Heinrich von Burgeis: The soul council. Symposium on a high medieval preacher monk. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2017, ISBN 978-3-7030-0947-1 , pp. 15–132.
7. ↑ Otto Stolz , Hans Kramer u. a. (Ed.): Marx parakeet von Wolkenstein. Description of the region of South Tyrol, written around 1600. Edited for the first time from the manuscripts by a working group of Innsbruck historians (= Schlern writings. Publications on regional studies of South Tyrol. Volume 34). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 1936, p. 166 ( digitized version ).
8. ↑ Nicolò Rasmo (ed.): P. Ferdinand Troyer's “Chronica of instead of Botzen”. In: Cultura Atesina - Culture of the Etschland. ZDB ID 400563-6 , 2 (1948), pp. 140-156; 3 (1949), pp. 16-32, 60-76, 157-172, et al. 4, pp. 98-128 (1950).
9. ^ Heinrich von Burgeis . In: Walther Killy , Rudolf Vierhaus (Hrsg.): Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie (DBE) . 1st edition. tape 4 : Gies – Hessel . KG Saur, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-598-23164-4 ( degruyter.com ).
10. ↑ Ursula Stampfer: The Brixner manuscript by Heinrichs von Burgeis 'Council of Souls.' In: Elisabeth De Felip-Jaud, Max Siller (ed.): Heinrich von Burgeis: The soul advice. Symposium on a high medieval preacher monk. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2017, ISBN 978-3-7030-0947-1 , pp. 133-143.
11. ↑ Advertisement for the customer of the German prehistory. 27 (1880), col. 64 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
12. ↑ Hans-Friedrich Rosenfeld : Introduction. In: Heinrich von Burgus, Der Seele Rat. From the Brixen manuscript . Weidmann, Berlin 1932, p. XXVI f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).
13. ^ Ingeborg Glier: The German literature in the late Middle Ages. Second part: Reimpaargedichte, drama, prose (= Helmut de Boor, Richard Newald (Hrsg.): History of German literature from the beginnings to the present. Volume 3, part 2). CH Beck, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-406-00713-9 , p. 110 ( limited preview in the Google book search).