Heiterschen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heiterschen
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of ThurgauCanton of Thurgau Thurgau (TG)
District : Münchwilen
Political community : Wängii2
Postal code : 9545 (Wängi)
Coordinates : 713 485  /  262 442 coordinates: 47 ° 30 '11 "  N , 8 ° 56' 42"  O ; CH1903:  seven hundred thirteen thousand four hundred and eighty-five  /  262442
Height : 465  m above sea level M.
Residents: 216 (December 31, 2010)
Heiterschen

Heiterschen

map
Heiterschen (Switzerland)
Heiterschen
w w w

Heiterschen has been part of the political community of Wängi west of the Murg since 1996 . The place used to be a small farming village with a dozen farms and a small textile company, today there are new residential quarters west of the Krebsbach and at Michelsbühl. A metal goods factory and other commercial buildings have settled along the motorway.

history

Ownership

The place appeared in the documents for the first time in 1263, when the knight Burkhard von Heitnau , whose two daughters had entered the Tänikon monastery , gave the monastery his property in Heiterschen, the "Äussere Hube ". (Hube = 30 - 50 Juchart ). In 1270 ministers of the Count von Habsburg-Kyburg transferred their court in Heiterschen to Fischingen monastery . The lords of Spiegelberg owned a Schuppose (10-15 Juchart) in the village in the middle of the 14th century . Out of necessity, Eberhard von Strass sold Spiegelberg Castle along with “accessories” to the Counts of Toggenburg . These included the aforementioned Schuppose and the serfs Kuoni and Eberli and Ruedi's daughter von Heiterschen. Like them, most of the farmers in Thurgau at that time were serfs of noble or clergy lords. Various other clergy and noble lords also sold, bought, lent or gave away large and small properties. The cathedral chapter of Constance and the abbot of St. Gallen also owned these at times . Gradually, the Fischingen monastery in particular acquired the goods in and around Heiterschen. Over time, many feudal farmers were able to take over the estate as property, but still had to pay the basic interest. The fact that in 1836 around 15 Heiterscher still had to pay basic interest to Fischingen means that practically all of the farms here were fiefs of this monastery.

The pond

In 1450 Rudolf von Landenberg ( Frauenfeld ) and his son sold to Berchtold Vogt (citizen of Constanz ), “their Wiger ze haitterschen with vischen, water, watercourses and water pipes, with digging, wasen, rainen and all other accessories, stossett ainett on the lantstrass who gautt towards Tennyka, one and a half to Willahöfflin, upstairs to des Schmidlins gutt von Tuttwil and des Wittenwillers wiss… ”The gentlemen von Wängi bought it from him . Her successor, “the noble best Christoffel Giel”, gave him a fiefdom to his Vogt, the Cleinhans Stutz. Although the former had bought the water as "free, single and their own", the Confederates claimed it after the conquest of Thurgau . This and the fact that it was specifically mentioned in the opening by Wängi point to its importance. The fish pond was on the road to Tänikon (today's road to Scheuer / Schür). This is indicated by the above text and a partial plan of the Fischingen monastery fiefdom. Accordingly, the monastery also owned a larger piece of land west of today's motorway underpass, north of the road to Scheuer. This parcel is called “Unter Rusch bei Damm”. Two plots of land are drawn south of the street, one with the name "Ruschäckerli". If you take into account that there was a pond here, the field name Rusch for this area is also explained, namely: wet area, place where you can hear the rush of water. The maps from 1883 and 1912 provide further clues. A “Weierhölzli” can be seen in this area.

Jurisdictions

In the late Middle Ages , the high judiciary , which could also pronounce the death penalty, lay with the regional court in Frauenfeld for our area. This was subordinate to the city of Constance. After the conquest, the confederates took over this jurisdiction. A federal bailiff resided in Frauenfeld as the highest legal representative in Thurgau . The lower jurisdiction and police power exercised a judge or Vogt. This punished the numerous offenses in daily life, such as iniquity in the wood and field, fights, disregard of the community rules, violations of discipline and order and notarized sales contracts.

Wängi

Wängi was one of over a hundred secular and spiritual jurisdictions in Thurgau. In a letter of freedom in 1473, Emperor Friedrich III. "The old gemur zu Wengy with houses and farms behind it and around it" is subject to the jurisdiction of the brothers Heinrich and Hans von Wengi, who later sold them to the Gielen von Glattburg. This also included Heiterschen, as the "Opening of Wengi" (1495) confirms. In this opening the extent of the rule was first described: “The Gielen von Glattburg are lord and bailiff over people and goods to Ober- and Nieder-Wängi, to Heiterschen and the pond, to Schowingen, to the three Betzelhöfe and Heini Schmids Gut Mörischwang, to Stutzen Gütli, to Weiher and Weihergütli, to Hunzikon the courtyard, and up and down the valley, what belongs to and in it or has ever belonged. ”Then the rights and duties of the court lords were listed, commands, prohibitions, penalties were recorded and Z. B. marriage, buying and selling, road maintenance, fire show and military service.

The lower court on the Tuttwilerberg

A few areas were directly subordinate to the governor in Frauenfeld. They were therefore placed in high courts . In addition to other villages or farms in this region, Heiterschen, Wilhof, Anetswil and Eggetsbühl belonged to such an area, the Niederngericht am Tuttwilerberg , from the beginning of the 16th century. The governor's representative was a subordinate who headed the court , which consisted of 12 judges . One such judge was a Jac around 1780. Hafner von Heiterschen. At the beginning of the 16th century a Ruedi Kurzbein von Heiterschen held court days in Heiterschen as the representative of the bailiff.

The fiefdom of the Fischingen monastery

"Bears" in Heiterschen

Most of the land in and around Heiterschen had been acquired by Fischingen Abbey over the years and given as a fief. These were described in detail in the feudal books , in which the impulses in the east (rise), in the south (midday), in the west (fall) and in the north (midnight) were given. In the case of Heiterschen, there is even a multi-part plan for the monastery’s important fiefdom. The majority of the possessions ("the Hoofgüter Godshouse") were to the west and northwest of the village (Vogelherd area) and north (left and right of the Murg) to the Jakobsbad. A smaller part was south of the Wängi – Wittenwil road and north of this road on the Murg.

In the center, in a semicircle around the fountain (originally also owned by the monastery), the buildings of the feudal courtyard were arranged, namely a residential building with an attached double barn (the later “Heiterscher Hof” inn, now Heiterscherstrasse 12) and another large barn east of the Krebsbachweg (presumably the newer tithe barn). Today there is an apartment building there (Heiterscherstrasse 6-10). The building complex Heiterscherstrasse 20/22 may also have been part of the Lehenshof. A “Rebhüsli” and a Trotte were also mentioned in the description of the farm. In the “Trottenbühl” area (in the south of the village), vines must have been cultivated.

At the end of the 18th century, the time of feudalism came to an end. In 1782 the farm was given again as a fief, one half to Jacob Hafner von Unter tuttwil , the other half to Josef Mahler von Ragatz. He was the carrier (capable representative of the feudal lord). In addition to the management of the farm, the delivery of tithes and interest (also from other fiefs), he was obliged to haul the monastery (hay straw, construction vehicles, haulage of wine “both in the distance and near without distinction, as much as the house of God is necessary Hatt, each bore to do the load of a 4 chunk "). The Heiterscher also had to pay taxes (the so-called small tenth) to the Tobel Commandery , which since the 15th century had the right to appoint the clergy in the parish of Wängi and to administer the church income.

After the fall of the Old Confederation in 1798, the time of the governors and feudal lords had expired. In a lengthy process, land interest and tithe were redeemed. This lasted until the second half of the 19th century. 1821 z. For example, the Fischingen church left its responsible share of the tithe scourer, including the right to the fountain located there, to Johannes Mahler (carer or church carer ).

In 1812 the large council of the young canton decreed the connection of Weiern (912 "Wihare"), Heiterschen, Aeuli (Jakobstal), Tausendlist (Schönengrund), Ackermannshaus (Schlipf), Neuhof and Rotscheuer to Wittenwil and thus the formation of this local community , which is part of the Munizipalgemeinde Aadorf belonged. This community organization lasted until 1995. In 1996 the local community of Wittenwil merged to form the political community of Aadorf. At the same time, the two districts of Heiterschen and Jakobstal were separated from the local community of Wittenwil and assigned to the unitary community of Wängi.

Sources and literature

  • Thurgau Document Books (TUB 3,5,6,7)
  • State Archives Thurgau (StATG) 7'41'65 - Lehen Fischingen
  • StATG 7'41'271 - Repartitionsbuch
  • StATG 0'4'3 - Fief book of the Landvogtei
  • Stiftsarchiv St. Gallen (StiASG) QQQ Fasc. 1)
  • Tuchschmid Karl, The Story of Wängi, 1948
  • Kolb Jean, Thurgauer Landsknechte in foreign service
  • Plans Lehenshof: StATG K / P 1932, K / P 1938

Individual evidence

  1. Locations and Settlements Directory. Canton of Thurgau, 2012 edition. On the website of the Statistical Office of the Canton of Thurgau (PDF; 3.4 MB), accessed on May 11, 2020.
  2. Population development of the municipalities. Canton of Thurgau, 1850-2000. On the website of the Statistical Office of the Canton of Thurgau (Excel table; 0.1 MB), accessed on April 28, 2020.