Hermannsdorf (Weißwasser)
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Hermannsdorf
Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 0 ″ N , 14 ° 39 ′ 0 ″ E
Kuty |
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| Incorporation : | April 18, 1903 |
| Postal code : | 02943 |
| Area code : | 03576 |
Hermannsdorf , in Upper Sorbian Kuty , was a suburb of Muskau and has not been an independent district of Weißwasser since 1903 .
history
Foundation of a Vorwerk
In 1700, the Vorwerk was set up by the rulers' economic office with the aim of intensifying the utilization of their own pastures through sheep farming and making more profitable use of the large estates.
A sheepfold and a small farm were built, the foundations of which were discovered in 1880. The necessary workers, mostly cottagers , were settled. In the following years the Vorwerk expanded into a residential area. On a map by Paulus Schenk from 1759, the Vorwerk is entered for the first time with a sheepfold and titled Neu-Weißwasser . In 1780, Count Hermann von Callenberg carried out a comprehensive restructuring of the administration, in which small, unprofitable works were closed and given to serfs in the countryside. This had forced labor to be provided. The intended intensification of agriculture was pursued by shifting the economic risk to the rural working population. In honor of the count, the new settlement was given his first name Hermann as the basis for its name.
At that time Hermannsdorf consisted of four nurseries belonging to the Koslan, Krüger, Hemmo and Wehack families and the Noack family's cottage industry with a total of 19 people.
Growth through quartz sand pits
Around 1800 the place was entered on a map as Collonie Hermannsdorf , but Neu-Weißwasser - Hermannsdorf was also in use. In 1815 a glassworks was built in Jämlitz , for the operation of which the lordly economic office had the essential raw material glass sand searched for. The relatively barren land of the Hermannsdorf farmers, which was therefore used almost exclusively for sheep breeding, came into the focus of the rulers.
In Muskau Castle there were consultations and negotiations in 1829 about the construction of a second glassworks, during the course of which it was announced, “... that in Hermannsdorf - Neu-Weißwasser - there is a huge store of white glass sand, which can easily be transported to the nearby Weißkeißel where one could build a glassworks next to the running water. ”The plan for a glassworks in Weißkeißel was abandoned. The white sand from Hermannsdorf was dug up anyway and transported to Jämlitz and later also to the Tschernitz glassworks .
In 1850, there were four farms on a ridge that the Berlin – Görlitz railway line later runs parallel to. Another was about where Rothenburger Strasse crosses the railway line today . The farms consisted of wooden houses with their own well systems.
The Tschernitzer Glashütte Warmbrunn & Quilitz acquired 132 square rods of acres from the wife of the householder Schmidt, who was born Koslan from Hermannsdorf, for the construction of a glass sand pit.
Because of the lucrative business with quartz sand, the Hermannsdorf family gave up farming. Instead, they dug pits from which the sand was thrown gradually upwards from below with a spade over terrace steps from a depth of three to four meters. There it was loaded onto an ox cart and transported to the Jämlitz, Tschernitz and Weißwasser glassworks and sold there.
In the glass sand pits owned by farmers Koslan, Krüger and Noack on Görlitzer and Rothenburger Strasse, the particularly high-quality sand, which was also used for glass grinding , was cleaned in the pit. Here the sand was cleaned in long troughs with water by moving wooden crutches back and forth. The increasing demand for glass sand could no longer be fully satisfied by the depleted Hermannsdorf supply. Some farmers sold the land on which mining became unprofitable, in part to build factories, because the glassworks were also looking for richer deposits elsewhere. So on the bottom of the sand pits of the former gardeners Koslan and Krüger, the subsequently largest glassworks in Weißwasser, the Neue Oberlausitzer Glashüttenwerke J. Schweig & Co. , which later became the OSRAM factory, was built . To the west of it were the pits of the gardeners Wehack and Krüger.
Historical description of the place
After the Berlin - Görlitz railway line went into operation in 1867, which has since cut through the village corridor, the Dorfstrasse, renamed Görlitzer Strasse, was relocated and paved. The residential buildings were rebuilt along it in a uniform, contemporary neo-Gothic style. They were all moved a few meters north of the ridge down.
Hermannsdorf is located directly on the European main watershed , which runs in Weißwasser along Muskauer Straße - Bautzener Straße . All waters that originate east of this line flow into the Baltic Sea, all others into the North Sea.
The narrow ridge, which today forms the railway bridge in Weißwasser, was a natural sand dune before 1867. This was broken by the construction of the railway line. The depressions on both sides of the sand dune once formed huge heather lakes. The western depression, which extends into the Weißwasseran town center, to the level crossing to Halbendorf, formed what was once the largest heather pond in this area, the White Jasor or White Lake . It was a remnant of the meltwater of the last Ice Age, which gradually silted up slowly and in the course of the centuries and left behind individual, often close together, small heather ponds in the deeper folds of the terrain. Already in the 16./17. By the 19th century, much of the flat White Jasor had disappeared.
Gottlieb Simossek, who migrated to Weißwasser in 1895, gave up his work as a glass cutter in the Gelsdorf glassworks in 1899 and opened his self-built Gasthof Waidmannsruh on what was then Josephstraße at the corner of Brunnenstraße .
Hermannsdorf is about four kilometers from the then town center of Weißwasser, now called Altes Dorf . The spatial connection was created by the settlement of several commercial enterprises in the area of the train station, which was located between the two places and was also called Neu-Weißwasser.
The Koslan source
To the east of the railway bridge, on the Flurmark of the former municipality of Hermannsdorf, rises the Koslan spring , which today still brings five to seven liters of water per minute to light, which soon disappears and seeps into the groundwater. Before the construction of the railway line, this source formed a stream that flowed in an easterly direction, feeding some small heather ponds, over the Rotwassergraben into the Lusatian Neisse . This spring, which rises on the slope behind the Koslan farm and emerges on its property, was named after this family. The course of the stream changed with the construction of the railway line. A run of a few meters north of the railway line, in a contemporary garden opposite the Telux - glass plant branched off to the west, now led along the railway line, next to the roadbed under the railway bridge over the station square and culminated here in the Struga -Quellbach. This brook originated in the west, close to the watershed, at the residential building Fr.-Bodelschwingh-Straße 5, flowed down the street, took up part of the water from the Koslan source and ran over several heather ponds and tributaries to Neustadt (Spree) and flows into the Spree . Combined on today's station forecourt, both streams flowed past the former Hentschel butcher's shop (now a new residential building on the Straße des Friedens ) over the brickworks into the Jahnteich .
The Koslan spring was so clear and pure that women were still doing their laundry in it in 1890. The nearby Struga source had long since dried up due to mining and the water from the small stream was supplied by the Koslan source alone. Today all trace of this brook has disappeared because it stood in the way of the design of the inner city. The brook was passed under Bahnhofstrasse , underground on the northern edge of the square in front of the post office and directed along Forster Strasse. The development of the station forecourt was not easy, and it is still known today that civil engineering work must be carried out with special attention to the groundwater conditions, because the building site is criss-crossed by a strong water vein.
Incorporation
On April 18, 1903, Hermannsdorf was involuntarily incorporated into Weißwasser. The handover was delayed and conditions were set. It was not until 1904 that the considerable local treasury and the official documents in the apartment of the Hermannsdorf community leader, Traugott Krüger, were picked up by his colleague from Weißwasser Otto Rummert. Krüger committed suicide in 1915.
Hermannsdorf is still the only village that was incorporated after Weißwasser, which at that time had no town charter itself.
Hermannsdorf today
Today Hermannsdorf forms the eastern outskirts of Weißwasser. To the south of the railway line is a purely residential area, which is adjacent to today's industrial area of Weißwasser further south in the area of state road 157 . To the north of the railway line, next to a few settlement houses along Rothenburger Strasse and allotment gardens on Weißkeißeler Weg, there is the industrial site of the former glass factory of Joseph Schweig , Neue Oberlausitzer Glashüttenwerke Schweig & Co. (later OSRAM glass factory , later Einheit , now TELUX ) with a typical workers' housing estate of the approaching one 20th century.
In Weißwasser, next to the street name Hermannsdorfer Straße, only a commemorative plaque on it reminds of the former village of Hermannsdorf.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1782 | 19th |
| 1867 | 81 |
| 1871 | 83 |
| 1885 | 80 |
| 1895 | 163 |
From the rulership documents it emerges that Hermannsdorf had four gardeners and one housekeeper in 1782 with a total of 19 residents. The number of farms was still unchanged in 1810, but only 10 years later there were 12 cottages.
In the second half of the 19th century the population was 80, Arnošt Muka had 73 inhabitants in the early 1880s, all of whom were Sorbs . Only towards the end of the century did the population increase significantly.
Due to the early incorporation in 1903, there are no more population figures for Hermannsdorf since then.
Place name
The oldest documented place name Neu-Weißwasser , also Neuweißwasser , is derived from the then nearby village of Weißwasser. A similar name emergence can also be observed a few kilometers further west near Trebendorf and the Colonie Neutrebendorf .
The later name Hermannsdorf goes back directly to the Muskau registrar Georg Alexander Heinrich Hermann Reichsgraf von Callenberg, who was the fourth Callenberg to direct the fate of the class from 1774 to 1785.
The Sorbian place name Kuty is derived from a field name which, in Upper Sorbian kut, denotes an angle or a field or forest parcel lying to the side. This form is documented, among other things, in Křesćan Bohuwěr Junghänel's handwritten Upper Sorbian-German dictionary (1835), in the second part of Leopold Haupt's and Johann Ernst Schmaler's Folksongs of the Wends in Upper and Lower Lusatia (1843) and in Filip Rězak's German-Wendish encyclopedic dictionary the Upper Lusatian language (1920). Deviating from this, in 1969 in the place name index of the bilingual districts of Dresden and Cottbus the Sorbian place name Hermanecy was given, a form that can be found for Hermsdorf / Spree and Hermsdorf near Ruhland .
Special
In 1901, the World Glass Industry Congress met in Germany's largest glassworks, the Neue Oberlausitzer Glashüttenwerke Schweig & Co. , which was built and founded in 1899 .
Web links
- Lutz Stucka: Hermannsdorf through the ages. Lausitzer Rundschau, LR-online.de, August 9, 2003, accessed on September 24, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz - Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 101 .
- ^ Hermannsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ My Hermannsdorf, you dear old "box". In: lr-online. Lausitzer Rundschau , January 4, 2003, accessed on September 25, 2011 . To the incorporation of Hermannsdorf
- ↑ Lutz Stucka : When Otto Rummert's collar burst. In: lr-online. Lausitzer Rundschau, August 29, 2003, accessed on September 25, 2011 .
- ^ Hermann Graf von Arnim, Willi A. Boelcke: Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt / M, Berlin, Vienna 1978, p. 600 .
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 117 .
- ^ Lutz Stucka: Hermannsdorf hut - largest in Germany. Lausitzer Rundschau, lr-online, December 11, 2004, accessed on September 25, 2011 .