Herzogspark
| Herzogspark | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Renaissance garden | |
| Basic data | |
| place | regensburg |
| Created | 1804 |
| Newly designed | 1952 |
| Buildings | Württemberg Palace |
| use | |
| Park design | different eras |
| Technical specifications | |
| Parking area | approx. 1.5 ha |
The Herzogspark , sometimes incorrectly Herzogpark , is a green area on the western edge of the old town of Regensburg . The name of the park goes back to the sister of Prince Maximilian Karl , Duchess Marie Sophie von Württemberg , who used the palace as a residence from 1843. The site was acquired in 1935 by the city of Regensburg , which converted the existing garden into a public park in 1950–1952. With an area of around 1.5 hectares, the Herzogspark is one of the city's smaller parks, but combines art and architectural monuments from different epochs as well as a rich variety of plants on its site . The park is the western end of Fürst-Anselm-Allee , the start of construction of which was initiated and financed by Prince Carl Anselm von Thurn und Taxis in 1779–1781 . The western end of the avenue belt took place at the beginning of the 19th century during the reign of Prince-Bishop Karl Theodor von Dalberg , who actively and financially supported the completion of the avenue. In 1804 Dalberg had sold the site of the former Prebrunn Bastion to the Princely Thurn & Taxis secret councilor Friedrich von Müller , who had a garden set up there for the newly built Württemberg Palace, which was adjacent to the garden .
Parks and gardens
A renaissance garden was created in the southern part of the Herzogspark . The centerpiece is an octagonal, one-piece fountain made of natural sandstone that was uncovered in the course of the redevelopment into a park , the sides of which show various motifs from heraldry , botany and astronomy . Several geometrically aligned gravel paths lined with low box hedges lead away from it; the areas in between were designed as flower borders. Plants known from the dramas of William Shakespeare are grown along one of the hedges .
All over the Herzogspark there are botanical teaching gardens, each dedicated to a specific topic. Near the entrance is between granite - boulders about alpine flora on display, including gentian, alpine rose , Almstrauchheide and various primroses , carnations , bluebells , etc. on the other hand the former city moat dominate Rhododendron -Gewächse. Finally, a species-rich rose garden has been created on a terrace with a view of the Danube. There is a goldfish and water lily pond on the central hill. In the vicinity of the Renaissance garden , theme gardens deal with “white-flowered plants” with “spring stones” or “plants from the south”.
Architectural and art monuments
The park is bordered to the south by the Württemberg Palace , which today houses the East Bavarian Natural History Museum . The palace consists of three wings connected to each other at obtuse angles, the faces of which face both Prebrunnstrasse and the park. Christian Itelsberger's stucco friezes appear remarkable, depicting processions of women with flower bowls and flower arrangements in an antique way .
The most striking architectural monument is the four-storey Prebrunn Tower, built on a square floor plan, almost 10 m high. A plaque guarded by a lion figure above the entrance bears the inscription "ANNO DOMINI MCCLXXXXIII HOC OPUS INCEPTUM EST IN VIGILIA BEATI GEORGII" and thus indicates that with the construction of the medieval city fortifications on Vigil Day before St. George (April 22) of the Year 1293 was started.
The original city gate situation in relation to the suburb of Prebrunn , which lies outside the city wall, is no longer recognizable because the two gate towers to the west and the transition over the city moat are missing and because the ground-level gate passage on the west side through the piled-up hill after the fighting Regensburg is closed in the Thirty Years War in 1656 by high ring walls, considerably enlarged bastion. Since then, the entrance to the tower has been on the former first floor. The tower can be climbed in summer and offers a view of the tower- rich silhouette of Regensburg's old town and the Danube flowing directly past the park . Remains of the bastion can be found north of the tower.
In the northwest part there is a bronze sculpture of a seated girl with a bouquet of roses in her hand. The figure is the daughter of Julchen Stender, the owner of the former Regensburg pencil factory Rehbach , who died in 1921 at the age of 18. After her grave in the Evangelical Central Cemetery was abandoned, the figure was given to the City Garden Authority in 1979 and placed near her home in the Herzogspark, which she often visited.
history
The origins of today's facility go back to the year 1293, when, after the expansion of the city of Regensburg, the newly created so-called “Westnerwacht” with its houses and churches was incorporated and protected in the city area through the construction of a new city wall with a kennel and a new city gate should be. The associated moat today forms an essential part of the Herzogspark and, in addition to the preserved walls and elevations, contributes to the special topography of the park. After the translation over the Danube to Franconia , the trunk road led through the Prebrunn Gate . Until the long-distance trade routes were relocated to the north bank of the Danube, and especially in the Middle Ages, this route was one of the most important trade routes of the time. As early as 1552, Count von Eberstein had an artificial hill built near the gate and built a bastion on top of it, which was supposed to prevent an expected attack by the troops of the Schmalkaldic League . When the city of Regensburg began to establish trade relations with the brickworks in the suburb of Prebrunn after 1557, the gateway was made passable again.
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Major changes to the defenses at the Prebrunntor also took place during and as a result of the Thirty Years' War . During the battles for Regensburg , the Swedes made a decisive breakthrough in the city wall south of the gate on November 3, 1633, when the Swedish military leader Duke Bernhard von Weimar had a breach made in the wall, which led to the penetration and occupation of the city which Sweden made possible. At the end of July 1634, during the ultimately successful attempt to recapture Regensburg by imperial-Bavarian troops, the fortifications at Prebrunntor were again very violently bombarded, this time by cannons stationed on the Upper Wöhrd . Attempts were also made to get close to the city walls on the Danube with special gunboats in order to destroy the walls. After the bombardments, the Prebrunn Tower and the walls were so badly damaged that the destruction was not cleared until 1643.
After the experiences made during the war, people no longer wanted to rely solely on the blocking of the Danube by chains as before. In 1656 the magistrate made the decision to erect a high and mighty bastion equipped with cannons, fortified with ashlar stones, which still characterizes the park today. As in 1552, the direct path through the Prebrunntor to Regensburg was cut off again as a result of the necessary earth filling at the Prebrunn tower. The only replacement was the Prebrunner Türl , located south of today's park in the city wall , with a pedestrian walkway over the city moat, which was only replaced by a bridge in 1832.
In 1804 the Fürstlich Thurn & Taxissche Geheime Rat Friedrich Ritter von Müller bought the area, combined it with three inherited properties in the south and created a private garden. On the south-eastern edge of the complex, he had Emanuel Herigoyen build a classicist palace, which today houses the Natural History Museum of Eastern Bavaria . After Müller's death in 1843 the property became the property of Thurn und Taxis ; the palace mentioned served as the residence of the sister of Prince Maximilian Karl , Duchess Marie Sophie von Württemberg , from whose title the current name of the Duke's Park goes back.
literature
- Karl Bauer : Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history . 6th edition. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlages -Gesellschaft, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 432ff.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dreamy outlook: Prebrunnturm in the Herzogspark on the website Mittelbayerischer Verlag KG
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 432-434 .
- ↑ Eugen Trapp: Prebrunn - "formerly a funny suburb". In: City of Regensburg, Office for Archives and Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Regensburg . tape 13 . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7917-2550-5 , pp. 175-182 .
- ↑ Peter Engerisser: A previously unknown view of the siege of Regensburg in 1634 . In: Negotiations of the historical association Regensburg . tape 148 . Verlag des Historisches Verein für Oberpfalz and Regensburg, 2008, ISSN 0342-2518 , p. 60-82 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 23 " N , 12 ° 4 ′ 56" E