Hilde Neumann

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Hilde Neumann (born Rosenfeld, divorced Kirchheimer; born April 13, 1905 in Berlin ; † September 11, 1959 there ) was a German lawyer and SED functionary and editor-in-chief of the magazine Neue Justiz .

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Neumann was born into a Jewish family; her father was the lawyer and member of the Reichstag, Kurt Rosenfeld (1877–1943). She attended a secondary school in Berlin and studied law in Berlin, Freiburg im Breisgau and Bonn. She did her PhD in Dr. jur. As a student, she was a member of a Marxist student group at all three study locations , and in 1925 she joined the SPD Berlin-Wilmersdorf . She completed her legal clerkship in Erfurt and Berlin. In 1929 she married the lawyer Otto Kirchheimer , with whom she had a daughter (* 1930). After her second state examination in 1932, she joined her father's office as a lawyer at the Court of Appeal and worked for the German Red Aid . She defended Ernst Thälmann and Georgi Dimitroff , among others .

Neumann was awarded in 1933 by the Nazis banned from working . As a socialist and Jew , she emigrated to Paris in April 1933 , where she was involved in the publication of the Brown Book on Nazi terror. Here she also met Denis Nowell Pritt , chairman of the "International Commission of Inquiry into the Reichstag Fire ", the so-called "London Counter-Trial" to the Leipzig Reichstag Fire Trial. Neumann studied the Soviet judiciary in 1935/36 at the invitation of International Workers' Aid and joined the KPD in 1936 . She worked for the International Red Aid in Paris until 1939 . After the occupation of France by the Wehrmacht , Neumann was interned in the Camp de Rieucros for a month. In 1940 she emigrated with the doctor Rudolf Neumann (* 1899; † 1960s) initially to the United States , where she divorced from Kirchheimer in 1941 and married Neumann. In the same year both went to Mexico . Here Hilde Neumann became a member of the Free Germany Movement and was a board member of the Heinrich Heine Club from June 1944 . She was also an employee of the Democratic Post .

In the spring of 1947 Neumann returned to Germany, where she joined the SED and the Democratic Women's Federation of Germany (DFD). She took on various tasks in the development of the judiciary in the GDR and was - along with Hilde Benjamin - a key force. In 1947 she was given the main position in the “Justice” department in the Central Executive Committee of the SED, and in 1948/49 she took over as deputy head of this department. In addition, he was in charge of the “Court Structure and Training” unit. From 1948 she taught at the party college "Karl Marx" and was from 1949 to 1950 - as the first woman - President of the Regional Court of (East) Berlin , and from 1950 to 1953 director of justice in the Berlin magistrate . In this function she played a major role in the criminal prosecution of National Socialists . In 1953 she became secretary of the International Committee of Democratic Jurists , in whose establishment she worked with Denis Nowell Pritt. She was also the secretary of the Association of Democratic Lawyers in Germany for many years . From 1953 to 1959 she was the successor to Hans Nathan as editor-in-chief of the legal journal Neue Justiz . On October 7, 1958 she received the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze.

In 1959 she fell seriously ill and was retired. On September 9, she was awarded the Labor Banner , but could no longer accept the award and died on September 11. Your urn was in the grave conditioning Pergolenweg the memorial of the socialists at the Berlin Central Cemetery Friedrichsfelde buried.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Mohnhaupt (Ed.): Enforcement of norms in Eastern European post-war societies (1944–1989): Introduction to legal development with source documentation. German Democratic Republic (1958–1989). Volume 5. Vittorio Klostermann Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-465-03241-1 , p. 97, limited preview in the Google book search.
personal data
SURNAME Neumann, Hilde
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kirchheimer, Hilde; Rosenfeld, Hilde
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and SED functionary, editor-in-chief of Neue Justiz magazine
DATE OF BIRTH April 13, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1959
Place of death Berlin