Hiroshima Museum of Art
The Hiroshima Museum of Art ( Japanese ひ ろ し ま 美術館 , Hiroshima Bijutsukan ) is an art museum in the Japanese city of Hiroshima . The house, which opened in 1978, shows works of art from the 19th and 20th centuries. The focus of the collection is on works by French artists. Works by Japanese artists who were influenced by Western art form another area of the collection.
History and architecture
The idea of founding an art museum in Hiroshima arose on the occasion of the centenary of the Hiroshima Bank ( 広 島 銀行 , Hiroshima Ginkō ). 30 years after the atomic bombing on Hiroshima , the bank wanted to create a symbol of peace by founding an art museum and provided the necessary financial means for the building and the collection. A park in the city center south of Hiroshima Castle was selected for the new building . The main building of the museum is a one-story rotunda with a central rotunda , around which four exhibition rooms are grouped. The rotunda is in the middle of a rectangular garden, on the north and south sides of which there are further buildings. Additional exhibition rooms are located on the north side of the garden and are connected to the main building by an underground passage. In the rooms on the south side of the garden there is a café, a museum shop and an auditorium. The museum has been open to the public since November 3, 1978.
collection
The inventory includes works of art from the 19th and 20th centuries. The focus of the collection is on works by French artists, many of whom were also influenced by Japanese art ( Japonism ). Another area of the collection are works of art by Japanese artists, whose works show the influence of Western art.
Works by European artists
The earliest paintings are by Eugène Delacroix . In addition to the romantic depiction of the Orient, L'Arabe au tombeau from 1838, the museum owns the undated painting Soldat à l'épée by this artist. The Barbizon School is represented in the museum by the painters Jean-François Millet and Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot . Millet's rural scenes Le moissonneur (1866–67) and Le ramasseur des fagots, soleil couchant (1867) can be seen, while Corot with the river landscape Les baigneuses des Iles Borromées (1872) and the portrait Paysanne assise dans la verdure, tenant une guirlande de fleurs (undated) is represented. The forerunners of impressionism include works such as the winter landscape Combat de cerfs dans la neige (1868) by Gustave Courbet and the port view Paysage à Bordeaux (1874) by Eugène Boudin .
The inventory of Impressionist paintings is particularly extensive. These include the portrait La femme au soulier rose (Berthe Morisot) (1872) and the female portrait Femme au chapeau à plume grise (1882) by Édouard Manet , the city view Quai de l'Hôtel de ville et le marché aux pommes (1884-88 ) by Stanislas Lépine and the landscape painting St. Mammès (1885) by Alfred Sisley . The four works by Edgar Degas in the museum are characteristic of the artist's work. The painting La promenade à cheval (1867–68) - a subject from the racecourse, the picture of a bathing woman La femme au tub (1867–68) and a typical dancer motif Danseuse en robe rouge (around 1897) can be seen. There is also the sculpture of a dancer Danseuse tennant son pied droit avec sa main droite (1896–1911). By Claude Monet in the collection is a part of the early work landscape of Holland Paysage Hollande (around 1871), as well as his landscape Matinée sur la Seine (Bras de la Seine Près de Giverny) (1897), to the serial works of the artist at the turn of the century heard. The five works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir all date to the painter's late work. In addition to the Paris view of Place de la Trinité (Paris) (around 1892) and the landscape painting Le bras vif a Croissy (Seine-et-Oise) (1911), the collection also includes the antique group nude Jugement de Pâris (1913-14), the Portrait of a woman Femme au chapeau de paille (1915) and the Venus sculpture Vénus à la pomme (1913). In addition, the museum has two Impressionist works by Camille Pissarro : Baigneuses (Étude) (1896) shows female nudes in the landscape, while Le Pont Neuf (1902) shows a view of Paris typical of the artist.
Édouard Manet:
Femme au chapeau à plume grise
1882
Pierre-Auguste Renoir:
Jugement de Pâris
1913-14
Paul Gauguin:
Jeunes Bretons au baine (La baignade au moulin du Bois)
around 1886
Vincent van Gogh:
Le jardin de Daubigny
1890
Two works by Paul Cézanne illustrate his style of painting in different subjects. Both in the landscape painting L'arbre tordu (1888–90) and in the portrait of a farmer Paysan assis (around 1897) the painter's unmistakable brushwork is evident. One of the most famous works of art in the museum is Le jardin de Daubigny (1890) by Vincent van Gogh . The garden picture, created in the last months of life, belonged to the collection of the Berlin National Gallery in the first half of the 20th century . The museum owns the landscape painting with male nudes Jeunes Bretons au baine (La baignade au moulin du Bois) (1886) and the South Sea sculpture Idole à la perle (1892–93) by Paul Gauguin . Works of pointillism in the museum are the landscape painting Vers le bourg (1883) by Georges Seurat as well as the port scene Portrieux, Gouverlo (1888) and the Paris view of Paris, Le Pont-Neuf (1931) by Paul Signac . In addition, Aristide Bruant (1893) by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is a well-known motif from the Parisian stage world for this artist.
From the first years of the 20th century works of such different styles as the mythological picture Pégase, cheval sur le rocher (around 1907-10) and the floral still life Les fleurs dans un vase bleu (around 1912-14) by the symbolist Odilon Redon , die Landscape Vue des fortifications (1909) by Henri Rousseau as a representative of naive art or the portrait of Mlle. Meissner (1906–07) by Edvard Munch . Examples of the work of the artist group Nabis are the cityscape of Place Pigalle (1905) and the portrait of a girl Jeune fille au corsage blanc (Mlle. Leïla Claude Anet) (1930) by Pierre Bonnard and the studio scene with the female nude Nu debout dans l'atelier (1918) by Édouard Vuillard . The museum is also showing the garden painting Le pavillon (1927), a work by Henri Le Sidaner .
Several works by the main representatives of Fauvism can also be seen in the museum. So there are of Henri Matisse works La France (1939) and Jeune fille en vert dans intérieur rouge (1947), by André Derain panoramic, Paysage de Provence (1930), Nu dans un paysage (1925-26) and Femme blonde dans un paysage (1936–37), as well as by Maurice de Vlaminck Vase de fleurs (1935), Paysage dans la neige and Paysage avec arbres (around 1950). In addition, the collection of Albert Marquet includes Le Pont Neuf et la Samaritaine (1940), Raoul Dufy Epsom, le défilé de Derby (1930), and Georges Rouault Pierrot (1937–38) and Les deux frères, pierrot et clown .
The work of Pablo Picasso is documented in the collection with works from different work phases. The exhibits Can Can (1900), Deux femmes au bar (1902) and Buste de femme (Fernande) (1909) belong to the early works . This is followed by works such as Quatre baigneuses (1920) and Maternité (1921) as well as the child portrait Paul, fils de l'artiste, à deux ans, avec son agneau (1923). From the late work there are also Femme aux mains jointes (1959) and Buste de femme (1970). There are also works by Picasso's Cubist artist colleagues, such as Compotier et fruits (1935) by Georges Braque and La danse (1st version) (1929) by Fernand Léger .
Works by the École de Paris are particularly extensive . On display are by Amedeo Modigliani paintings Portrait de jeune fille à la blouse bleue (1910) and Portrait de homme (1919) and the sculpture Tête (around 1911-12). By Chaim Soutine is the Damenbildnis La femme à la chaise (1919) and the still life Nature morte au pot blanc et au hareng (around 1922-23) in the collection. A study by Marie Laurencin on La Maison meublée (1911) and the portraits of women Deux femmes et une biche (1923) and Femme au bouquet de fleurs (around 1942) are available. Two cityscapes typical of the painter Maurice Utrillo , Rue à Montmorency (around 1912) and La Cathédrale Saint-Pierre à Angoulême (Charente) (1935), are also part of the collection, as are two works by Moise Kisling , the portrait of La Roumaine (1929) and Fleur's still life with flowers . Other artists of this era are Jules Pascin , of whom the museum owns Princesse Ghika (1921) and La dame en vert (1927), as well as Kees van Dongen with the works Vue de Venise (1921) and Le couple (around 1922). The museum has a small block of works by Marc Chagall , who emigrated from Russia . On view are Vue de Vitebsk (1924–26), L'Inspiration (1925–26), Ma grande mère (1928), Les amoureux au bouquet (around 1930) and Près de la rivière (1973). Tsuguharu Foujita, originally from Japan, also belongs to the École de Paris . The museum shows his works Nu allongé au chat (1923), Annonciation (1927), Adoration des Rois Mages (1927), Descente de croix (1927) Asissi (1961) and Femme de profil .
Works by Japanese artists
After the end of Japan's isolation, the country not only opened up politically and economically to Europe and the United States, but also the culture, especially from Europe, found influence on Japanese artists. Many of them stayed in Paris for a time and took on artistic impulses that can be seen in their works from the end of the 19th century. In addition to the works of Tsuguharu Foujita, who lives permanently in France, the museum has an extensive section with works by these artists. These include Koyama Shōtarō 's flower still life Peonies (around 1887), Asai Chū's Return of the Peasants (1891) and Kuroda Seiki European Woman in White Dress (1892).
Fujishima Takeji is represented with several works in the collection. In addition to a series of six works on the subject of music (1901–1906), the museum shows the works of Nude and Peach Blossom (1902), Sunrise (around 1931) and waves at the Daio-Misaki Mountains (1932). You can also see an act by Okada Saburōsuke (1926) and an act at the fountain (1935) and by Aoki Shigeru at the end of spring (1907). Further works are by Yamashita Shintarō girl portrait (1929), by Sakamoto Hanjirō Villa Gournay in a Paris suburb (1922) and the tethered horse (1934) and by Minami Kunzō girl playing the piano (1927) and morning in a mountain village (1941).
Kishida Ryūsei:
Canal on a Spring Day,
1915
Okada Saburōsuke:
Nude at the Well
1935
Koide Narashige:
Still life with a globe
1925
Koga Harue:
Landscape
1923
The museum owns the Still Life with a Globe (1925) and the Self-Portrait with Hat (1928) by Koide Narashige . There are also two works in the Umehara Ryūzaburō collection : Nude (1936) and the Karuizawa Landscape (1974). Further works are by Yasui Sōtarō Atelier (1926), by Kishida Ryūsei Kanal on a Spring Day (1915) and Portrait of the Younger Sister in Chinese Clothes (1921), by Suda Kunitarō Berg Hiei (around 1934), by Koga Harue a landscape (around 1923) and by Maeta Kanji Red Cap (1925). Added by Hayashi Takeshi two acts (1928) and (1972), of Saeki Yuzo Garage (1925) and a landscape with a nude on the back (1925). Further pictures are the coffee house corner (1930) by Saburi Makoto , snow (1935) by Oka Shikanosuke , Shoal (1934) by Ushijima Noriyuki , Venice view (1934) by Ogisu Takanori and flock of birds (dead tree) (1931) by Ebihara Kinosuke
With World War II, Japanese artists' ties with the West were compromised. In the period that followed, France lost its leading role as the center of Western art. Japanese artists continued to fall back on European models, but also oriented themselves towards American painting and allowed elements from other world cultures to flow into their work. There is also a partial return to traditional Japanese art in more recent works.
Examples of Japanese artists who worked after the Second World War are Kanayama Heizō , of whom the museum owns the works of Kasube and Fugu (1945-56) and Oishida in February (1956-1960) in addition to coal carriers in Sōshū, China (1924-1932) . The museum shows a woman portrait by Koiso Ryōhei in a room (1964) and dancers and roses (around 1972). Another rose picture (1971) comes from Kumagai Morikazu , of which there is also a still life of melons (1964). Kazuki Yasuo is represented in the collection with the landscape painting Tsuwano (Shimane Prefecture) (1972). The museum also has a block of works by Kamoi Rei . These include Mauer (1976), Singing by Moonlight (1976), Drunk People in My Village (1973), Church (1976), Etude B (1978) and White Woman (1980).
Web links
- Official website of the Hiroshima Museum of Art (English, Japanese)
- Hiroshima Art Museum . In: Hiroshima-Navi.or.jp
Individual evidence
- ↑ The English-language name is also used in German literature. See Roland Knaur: Design and Representation: The Drawing as a Means of Architectural Design . Ernst, Berlin 1991, p. 267. or Christina Haberlik, Gerwin Zohlen: The builders of the new Berlin . Nicolai, Berlin 1997, p. 67.
Coordinates: 34 ° 23 ′ 55.3 " N , 132 ° 27 ′ 29.2" E