Marie Laurencin

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Marie Laurencin, 1949 (photography Carl Van Vechten )

Marie Laurencin (born October 31, 1883 or 1885 in Paris ; † June 8, 1956 there ) was a French poet and painter . Laurencin was known as the muse of the poet Guillaume Apollinaire .

Life

Marie Laurencin, around 1912
Henri Rousseau: La Muse inspirant le poète , 1909. (A portrait of Apollinaire and Marie Laurencin)

Marie Laurencin was born out of wedlock; her mother was Mélanie-Pauline Laurencin, her father Alfred-Stanislas Toulet, a tax auditor with whom she had little contact. Already at age 18 she was raised by her mother after Sèvres sent to the local factory to learn the art of porcelain painting. Her further training took place in Paris at the Lycee Lamartine . Her early patrons included her mother and her drawing teacher, who supported her in her nocturnal artistic studies and plans to become a painter until she was finally accepted at the Académie Humbert in Paris. Here she met Georges Braque and through him made the acquaintance of Picasso and Guillaume Apollinaire . These became her further sponsors, and she was soon involved in art theoretical discussions that later led to Cubism . In 1905 Laurencin published a number of lyric works under the pseudonym Louise Lalanne.

Laurencin was closely related to her mother:

"Marie and her mother acted toward each other exactly as a young nun with an older one"

"Marie and her mother acted with each other just like a young nun with an older one"

She had been associated with Apollinaire since 1907, whom she had met during an exhibition of her paintings at Clovis Sagot . In the same year she had her first exhibition in the Salon des Indépendants . Her first solo exhibition took place in 1908 in Berthe Weill's gallery . In the same year she accompanied Apollinaire to the "Banquet for Rousseau" organized by Picasso in the Bateau-Lavoir . The picture that Henri Rousseau painted of them was made the following year. In 1912 she had an exhibition in the Barbazanges Gallery with Robert Delaunay , and in 1913 at the Armory Show in New York . The relationship with Apollinaire ended after his mother's death in 1913. However, they remained in contact until his death, which plunged her into despair, when he died of the Spanish flu in November 1918. Also in 1913 she signed a contract with the well-known art dealer Paul Rosenberg , who represented her until 1940. In the same year Apollinaire's book of poems Alcools appeared , in which several poems refer to her, as well as Les Peintres Cubistes , in which she was represented.

The art collector Gertrude Stein bought the first painting from the series Apollinaire et ses amis from 1908. It shows Picasso, Laurencin, Apollinaire, Fernande Olivier and Picasso's dog Fricka (now in the Baltimore Museum of Art ). This purchase made Laurencin known in the avant-garde . Jean Cocteau put it amicably: "Poor Hindu, trapped between the Fauves and the Cubists", and Rodin referred to her as "Fauvette". Stein later noted in her autobiography of Laurencin:

“Everybody called Gertrude Stein Gertrude, or at most Mademoiselle Gertrude, everybody called Picasso Pablo and Fernande Fernande and everybody called Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume and Max Jacob Max but everybody called Marie Laurencin Marie Laurencin”

"Everyone called Gertrude Stein Gertrude, or mostly Miss Gertrude, everyone called Picasso Pablo and Fernande Fernande and everyone called Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume and Max Jacob Max but everyone called Marie Laurencin Marie Laurencin"

Marie Laurencin and schoolgirls, 1932
Laurencin's grave in the Pere Lachaise cemetery

In 1912 Laurencin made the acquaintance of the German writer Hanns Heinz Ewers , who in the same year dedicated his play The Wonder Girl of Berlin ( La Jeune fille miraculeuse de Berlin ), a revolutionary drama from 1848, to her. She had a relationship with him that lasted until 1920. In autumn 1913, she met the German painter Otto von Wätjen , who was a regular at the Café du Dôme . On June 22, 1914, the couple married in Paris and Laurencin became a German citizen . To forestall expulsion, both moved to Spain at the beginning of the First World War , where Laurencin met Ewers in Andalusia in the summer of 1915 and in the summer of 1916. Between January and March 1917 she edited the Dadaist magazine 391 together with Francis Picabia , Albert Gleizes and Arthur Cravan , in which her collection of poems Le petit Bestiaire was published. In 1918 the couple moved to Düsseldorf. In 1921 Laurencin divorced and returned to Paris. On April 18, 1922, she was granted French citizenship again.

From 1924 the artist dealt with stage design. During this time, for example, a stage set for Djagilev's ballet Les Biches , performed by the Ballets Russes , or a set for the Comédie-Française in 1928 . She also published some book illustrations, including for Lewis Carroll's children 's book Alice in Wonderland . From 1932 to 1935 she taught at the Villa Malakoff art academy in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. On July 31, 1935, she was awarded the ribbon of the Légion d'honneur . In 1942 her volume of memoirs and poems, Le Carnet des nuits, was published . Marie Laurencin died of heart failure on the night of June 8, 1956. As requested, she was buried in a white dress, she held a rose in one hand, and Apollinaire's love letters covered her heart. Her grave is in the Père-Lachaise cemetery in Paris . Part of the estate went to Suzanne Moreau-Laurencin, who had been hired as a maid in 1925 and whom she adopted in 1954, and the greater part to the Auteuil Orphans Foundation.

plant

Apollinaire et ses amis
Marie Laurencin , 1909
Oil on canvas, second version
Center Georges Pompidou, Paris

Link to the picture
(please note copyrights )

Despite the long time Laurencin had shared with the Cubist artists, she developed her own style, which remained free from the art theoretical considerations of Cubism. In her pictures she dealt in an airy and almost pale way with lyrical motifs, such as graceful young girls, surrounded by flowers or accompanied by cats and dogs. Laurencin is known for the delicate gradation of her pastel-like color choices. To do this, she used a simple palette of colors that only included black, white, cobalt blue, ocher, and emerald green. Mostly she used water or pastel colors .

reception

In Heimito of Doderer's novel A Murder Everyone Commits (1938) it says in chapter 16: “Someone had once shown Conrad portraits of women by the Parisian painter Marie Laurencin: here sat one alive: a charming young woman disguised as an old lady. Leaning slightly into the world, indefinite and inexplicable, painted in pastel. And from then on Conrad called Frau Manon Veik Madame Laurencin. "

In 1975 the singer Joe Dassin referred to Marie Laurencin's work in his chanson L'Été India :

"[...] avec ta robe longue tu ressemblais à une aquarelle de Marie Laurencin"

"[...] with your long robe you looked like a watercolor by Marie Laurencin"

On the 100th birthday of Marie Laurencin in 1983, the Marie Laurencin Museum opened in Nagano , Japan. 100 works came from the founding of the collection of its director Masahiro Takano. The museum closed in late September 2011 and reopened in Tokyo in July 2017 . It currently includes more than 600 exhibits by the artist. One painting in the collection depicting the art dealer Alfred Flechtheim is said to have been found to be a forgery from the vicinity of the Jäger collection .

Works (selection)

literature

Web links

Commons : Marie Laurencin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Musée Marie Laurencin and other sources.
  2. ^ Maurice Raynal : Modern French Painters. Tudor Publishing, New York 1934, pp. 109-111 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ Flora Groult: Marie Laurencin. A life for art. P. 22 f.
  4. ^ Gertrude Stein: The autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. New York 1933, p. 75 (English, Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  5. ^ A b c Marie Laurencin , rogallery.com, accessed September 3, 2013
  6. ^ Marie Laurencin ( Memento of May 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), www.artfortune.com, accessed on January 18, 2012.
  7. ↑ Marie Laurencin , ngv.vic.gov., Accessed April 7, 2011
  8. ↑ Flora Groult: Marie Laurencin. A life for art. Pp. 110, 150
  9. ↑ Apollinaire , maremurex.net, accessed on 15 April 2011th
  10. ↑ Flora Groult: Marie Laurencin. A life for art. P. 82 f.
  11. ^ Gertrude Stein: The autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. New York 1933, p. 74 (English, Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  12. ↑ Wilfried Kugel: The irresponsible one. The life of Hanns Heinz Ewers. Grupello, Düsseldorf 1992, ISBN 3-928234-04-8 , p. 180 ff.
  13. ↑ Flora Groult: Marie Laurencin. A life for art. P. 140.
  14. ↑ Flora Groult: Marie Laurencin. A life for art. Pp. 168, 171.
  15. ↑ Flora Groult: Marie Laurencin. A life for art. Pp. 194-197.
  16. ↑ Flora Groult: Marie Laurencin. A life for art. Pp. 194, 234 f.
  17. ↑ Heimito von Doderer: A murder that everyone commits. Biederstein, Munich 1969, p. 114.
  18. ↑ L'été India , musique.ados.fr, accessed on 12 April 2011th
  19. ↑ Quoted from Musée Marie Laurencin
  20. ↑ Niklas Maak : Art scandal in Japanese. Wolfgang Beltracchi is everywhere. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . January 21, 2012 ( m.faz.net ).
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personal data
SURNAME Laurencin, Marie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lalanne, Loise (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French poet and painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 31, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH June 8, 1956
Place of death Paris