Homa Nategh

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Homa Nategh (born March 1, 1934 in Urmia , Iran ; died January 1, 2016 in Arrou , France ) was an Iranian historian and professor of history at the University of Tehran and the Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris . She was one of the most famous and prolific historians for the Qajar era of Iran. She got involved during the Iranian Revolution of 1979, but went into exile in Paris as a result of the Cultural Revolution in 1982 .

Life

Homa Nategh came from an educated family. Her father, Naseh Nategh, an engineer and man of letters, had been trained in France. His father, Nategh's grandfather, was an activist during the Constitutional Revolution from 1906 to 1909. After completing school in Tehran , Homa Nategh went to Europe on a scholarship in 1955 to study French literature at the University of Grenoble and at the Sorbonne in Paris. In 1956 she married Nasser Pakdaman.

In 1959, Nategh switched to the subjects of history and geography of the Middle East. She completed her studies in 1960 with a diploma from INALCO . In 1965, as a first step towards her doctorate, she earned the DEA in History of Unpublished Documents on Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani , a political activist and Islamic theorist of the 19th century . In 1967 she did her doctorate with Marcel Colombe on the subject of modern Islam and Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani . The dissertation was published two years later under her married name. All other publications appeared under her maiden name.

In the early 1960s, Nategh became politicized and was one of the first women to join the Confederation of Iranian Students , a left-wing organization in opposition to the Shah's regime. At that time, from Nategh's point of view, an analysis of the situation of women in Iran was not necessary.

In 1968 Nategh returned to Tehran. From 1969 she taught history at Tehran University . In 1973/74 she was visiting professor at Princeton . She translated several books into Persian and published a number of articles on documents from the Qajar era . Because she described the Babi movement of the 19th century as progressive and revolutionary in her historical work , Islamic fundamentalists demanded her dismissal from Tehran University. She published her historical work as a collection entitled Az mast keh bar mast (We reap what we sow) . In these articles, she analyzed intellectual history during the Qajar period and criticized the religious attacks on critical thinking and modernity. The book turned traditional scholars against them, and they appeared slanderous articles in national newspapers.

In 1976 Nategh published together with an introduction a new edition of the historical newspaper Qanun (The Right) , which the former diplomat and dissident Mirza Melkum Khan had published in London from 1890 to 1907. Along with Fereydun Adamiyat she gave in 1977 an important collection of documents of social history from the Qajar period out that unpublished manuscripts for social, political and economic thinking involved, which, among other things for the first time the pioneer of the Iranian women's movement Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi in a historiographical Treatise was mentioned. Due to the consistent source work of this publication, she is credited with completely transforming Iranian historiography together with Fereydun Adamiyat.

Nategh got involved in the 1977 revived Iranian Writers' Union. In the fall of 1977, the association organized a series of lectures to mobilize political leaders, which led to street demonstrations. The government banned the association's events and arrested Nategh along with the well-known poet Na'mat Mir-Zadeh. After being questioned by the police, the two were beaten up by agents from the Iranian secret service Savak .

When the Iranian Revolution began in 1978 , Nategh joined several revolutionary organizations, including the Marxist-Leninist People's Fedajin Guerrilla Iran . She was one of the founding women of the National Union of Iranian Women (1979–1982). At the beginning of the revolution, she made numerous speeches and called for resistance actions in various universities and government organizations. She later regretted these activities, as she wrote in an article in the London-based exile magazine Kayhan in 2003 .

In 1980 a political campaign called the Cultural Revolution began , with which the universities were Islamized and liberal and left-wing lecturers were dismissed for this purpose, which also hit Nategh in 1981. In November 1981, she was arrested for opposing the obligation to wear a veil . After their release, Nategh and her husband went into exile in Paris in 1982. From then on, her political commitment gradually waned.

From 1984 to 1995 she was a professor, then until 2005 a lecturer in Iranian studies at the Sorbonne Nouvelle . In 1987 she founded the literary magazine Dabireh . She has also published articles and books.

In 2016, Nategh died after suffering from Alzheimer's for several years .

Awards

Publications (selection)

In French

  • Homa Pakdaman: Djamāl-ed-din Assad Abādi dit Afghāni . Maisonneuve e Larose, Paris 1969.
  • Homa Nategh: L'influence de la Révolution française en Perse (XIXe et début du XXe siècle) . In: Cahiers d'études sur la Méditerranée orientale et le monde turco-iranien . No. 12 , 1991, pp. 117-129 ( persee.fr ).
  • Homa Nategh: Le grand enfermement . In: Élizabeth Paquot (ed.): Terre des femmes. Panorama de la situation des femmes dans le monde . La Découverte / Maspero, Paris 1983, ISBN 2-7071-1371-9 , p. 155-160 .
  • Homa Nategh: Les Français en Perse. Les écoles religieuses et séculières, 1837-1921 . L'Harmattan, Paris 2014, ISBN 978-2-343-03968-8 .

In English

  • Homa Nategh: Women: the Damned of the Iranian Revolution . In: Rosemary Ridd, Helen Callaway (eds.): Women and political conflict. Portraits of struggle in times of crisis . New York University Press, New York 1987, ISBN 0-8147-7398-2 , pp. 45-60 .

In Persian

  • Homa Nategh: As mâst ké bar mâst . Âgâh, Tehran 1975 (title reads: "We reap what we sow". Collection of articles on writings from the Qajar period.).
  • Homa Nategh: Rahâ'ye Zanân az Rahâ'ye Zahmatkeshân Jodâ Nist . In: Kayhan . March 1979, p. 12 (The title reads as follows: "The emancipation of women is not separate from the emancipation of the worker").
  • Homa Nategh: Negâhi beh Barkhi Neveshteh-h ^ va Mobârezat-e Zanân dar Dowrân-e Mashrutiyat . In: Ketâb-e Jom'eh . March 14, 1980, p. 45–54 (the title reads as follows: "An account of some of the scriptures and the struggle of women in the constitutional phase").
  • Homa Nategh: Mas'aleh-ye Zan dar Barkhi az Modavvanât-e Chap az Nehzat-e Mashruteh tâ 'Asr-e Reza Khân . In: Zamân-e Nou . No. 1 , 1983, p. 10 (The title reads as follows: "The question of women in some writings of the left from the constitutional movement to the Reza Khan era").
  • Homa Nategh: Kārnāma wa zamāna-i Mīrzā Ridā Kirmānī . Hafiz, Bonn 1984 (title reads: "Creation and Epoch Mirza Reza Kermanis ").
  • Homa Nategh: Bāzargānān dar dād wa sitad bā Bānk-i Shāhī wa rižī-i tanbākū . Intišārāt-i Tūs, Tehran 1994 (title reads: "The Merchants: The Imperial Bank and Tobacco Control 1890–1914").

literature

  • Touraj Atabaki, Nasser Mohajer: In Memoriam Homa Nategh (1934-2016) . In: Iranian Studies . tape 49 , no. 2 , March 3, 2016, ISSN  0021-0862 , p. 325–326 , doi : 10.1080 / 00210862.2016.1142256 .
  • Zahra Qanbari Maleh, Dariush Rahmanian: Status of Women in Contemporary Historiography . Case study: the historical position of women in the study of Homa Nategh . In: Journal of American Science . tape 9 , no. 10 , 2013, p. 33-41 ( jofamericanscience.org [PDF]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Homepage Homa Nategh. Retrieved September 14, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Touraj Atabaki, Nasser Mohajer: In Memoriam Homa Nategh (1934-2016) . In: Iranian Studies . tape 49 , no. 2 , March 3, 2016, ISSN  0021-0862 , p. 325–326 , doi : 10.1080 / 00210862.2016.1142256 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Remembering Homa Nategh, Encyclopædia Iranica ( Memento from April 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Homa Pakdaman: Djamāl-ed-din Assad Abādi dit Afghāni . Maisonneuve e Larose, Paris 1969.
  5. ↑ Homa Nategh: Towzihi darbareh-ye Aqab-mandegi va Inhetat-i Zan-i Irani . In: Arash . No. 17 , 1967, p. 16 (The title reads "Comments on the backwardness and decadence of Iranian women").
  6. ↑ Hammed Shahidian: International trends. Islam, politics, and problems of writing women's history in Iran . In: Journal of Women's History . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1995, p. 113–144, here 118 .
  7. ↑ a b Hammed Shahidian: Women in Iran. Vol. 2 Gender politics in the Islamic republic . Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn. 2002, ISBN 0-313-32482-4 , pp. 35 .
  8. ↑ Homa Nategh: As mâst ké bar mâst . Âgâh, Tehran 1975 (title reads: "We reap what we sow". Collection of articles on writings from the Qajar period.).
  9. ↑ Homa Nategh (ed.): Rūznāmah-'i Qānūn . Tehran, Mu'assasah-'i Intišārāt-i Amīr Kabīr 1976.
  10. ↑ Fereydun Adamiyat, Homa Nategh (ed.): Afkār-i iǧtimā ʾ ī wa sīyāsī wa iqtiṣādī . Intišārāt-i Āgāh, Tehran 1977.
  11. ↑ Fathiyeh Naghibzadeh: The Divine Mission of Women. On the history and structure of gender relations in the god state of Iran . In: Stephan Grigat, Simone Dinah Hartmann (ed.): Der Iran. Analysis of an Islamic dictatorship and its European supporters . Studies Verlag, Innsbruck 2008, ISBN 978-3-7065-4599-0 , p. 102-110, here 102-103 .
  12. ↑ Afsaneh Najmabadi: "Is Our Name Remembered?": Writing the History of Iranian Constitutionalism as If Women and Gender Mattered . In: Iranian Studies . tape 29 , no. 1/2 , 1996, pp. 85-109, here 98-99 , JSTOR : 4310971 .
  13. ↑ Misagh Parsa: Social origins of the Iranian revolution . Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 1989, ISBN 0-8135-1411-8 , pp. 177-180 .
  14. ↑ Homa Nategh: Khodam kardam keh la ʿ nat bar khodam bad . In: Kayhan . February 20, 2003, p. 7 (The title reads: "May God slay me, for I did it myself").
  15. ↑ Behrouz Khosrozadeh: Iran's women. In: Telepolis. April 15, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Iran-FRG. Last message . In: Emma . January 1982, p. 45 ( emma.de [accessed on September 14, 2019]).
  17. ↑ iranian feminist arrested . In: Off our backs . tape 12 , no. 1 , 1982, pp. 16 , JSTOR : 25774203 .
  18. ↑ افتتاح کتابخانه هما ناطق ، تاریخ پژوه ایرانی ، در تاجیکستان . December 26, 2017 ( bbc.com [accessed September 19, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Nategh, Homa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pakdaman, Homa
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Iranian historian
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH Urmia , Iran
DATE OF DEATH January 1, 2016
Place of death Arrou , France