Homolulu

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Homolulu - The birth of a volcano or the temptation to make a utopia concrete was the first international homosexual meeting in Frankfurt am Main . It took place from July 23 to 29, 1979 and was the political initiator for several other gay and lesbian projects.

etymology

Homolulu is made up of Homoseksualiteit ( Dutch ) or homosexuality and Honolulu , the Hawaiian capital on the island of Oahu with the famous district and beach Waikīkī , which is also known as the "metropolis of the South Seas" and behind which are the extinct volcanoes Diamond Head and Elevate Punchbowl Crater .

In Amsterdam , Kerkstraat 23 was home to the gay and lesbian discotheque and cafe Homolulu from 1975 to 1997 . Jerry Di Falco from Philadelphia painted the work Political Discussion at the Homo Lulu Cafe in Amsterdam in 1988 .

The name for the event in Frankfurt was borrowed from this restaurant, which the organizers did not know personally. Since it was supposed to be open to men and women, no name was used that was derived from gay or something similar. In addition, it should evoke the right associations internationally, regardless of the language. The organizers associated it with an autonomous, palm-fringed island that is free from the compulsion to set itself apart from heterosexual norms . And it shouldn't be a flat island, but a hot volcano, from the broad summit of which you can better see the situation. It should be a dance on the volcano, in which one deals with the homosexual everyday life, works against everyday discrimination and causes it to break out, where it should then bury hetero chauvinism under itself.

Further name usage

In her literary biography George Sand , published in 1980, the writer Ginka Steinwachs titled the fourth chapter with “Homolulu: Treibhaus de la Paix”, “a woman with a man's name, who created worlds in writing and loved both men and women”. “The place name 'Homolulu' evokes diverse associations: the 'Pacific' or 'pacifist' travel paradise Honolulu, homosexuality and finally Lulu , the ' femme fatale ' of German literature and thus the symbol of the 'indomitable sex drive [s] ' of the Feminine. "

The café in the Bremen Rat und Tat Center for homosexuals , which opened in 1982, was then called Homolulu.

The Homolulu (II) event took place in Berlin from October 3 to 11, 1992 . The Association for the Promotion of Gay Culture in the Media also published a Homolulu newspaper on the occasion . The event was nowhere near as successful as Homolulu in 1979.

In 2007, several monthly clubbing sessions under the title Honolulu took place at various locations in Nuremberg .

The Bygdøy peninsula is located in the Frogner district of Oslo . There is Paradisbukta ("Paradise Bay"), which is popular with bathers and is also popular with lesbians and gays. The actually gay beach to the north is also called Homolulu .

The Norwegian director Frank Mosvold shot the English, stereotypical , one-minute short film comedy The Homolulu-Show in 2004 in response to conservative US and Norwegian statements about same-sex marriage . In it, Henry ( Bjørn Sundquist ), who has been married to Martin ( Per Christian Ellefsen ) in Homolulu for years, is appalled by the idea that heterosexuals are now allowed to marry.

prehistory

In 1969/1973 § 175 was liberalized, but social discrimination and repression persisted. Public actions by gay groups have been repeatedly banned by city authorities. Individual gays whose homosexuality could be proven were banned from working in the public service. In individual cases there were also compulsory psychiatric and medical 'treatments'. The National Working Group Against Repression Against Gays (NARGS) was founded . It was the second attempt to bring about a nationwide unification of the gay movement in order to gain political weight and to be able to work more effectively. The aim was that the 3rd International Russell Tribunal planned in 1978 , which should deal with human rights violations in the FRG, should not forget gays.

Close contacts developed within the framework of the NARGS under the leadership of the Homosexual Action Hamburg and the Homosexuality Bielefeld Initiative Group (IHB). On August 21, 1977, a press release was published by the eleven participating groups, in which the goals were announced. The collected materials on repression were to be submitted to a preliminary decision jury, made available to all gay groups and published as a brochure, which was done in October 1977 under the title Gays against Oppression and Fascism and with an explanation of the social context. "One saw a close connection between the oppression of gays, whose existence is called into question by forced heterosexuality, for example marriage and male rule , and the oppression of wage-earners, who are exposed to increasing repression in the FRG."

In the second session of the Russell Tribunal from January 3 to 8, 1979, the city of Aachen's ban on information tables towards the local gay group was dealt with in an exemplary twenty minutes . It was presented as a censorship case and condemned as such. The issue of gay repression did not play a major role, which led to some disappointing expectations. The process of the joint preparation time and the gain in experience were felt to be positive. It had become clear to some that the forms of action of the straight-left left no room for the real articulation of gay interests. Again and again gays should put their specific problems aside in favor of a common left politics.

Other left action groups, which are now referred to as the New Social Movements , also felt that they were treading on the spot at the end of the 1970s. From January 27 to 29, 1978, the Tunix Congress was held in West Berlin , a huge festival with music, cabaret and theater that were embedded in many discussion rounds, where a lot of relevant topics were discussed. This congress generally became the starting point for many further projects. These included the first Christopher Street Day demonstrations on June 30, 1979, on the tenth anniversary of Stonewall , in Stuttgart, Cologne, West Berlin and Bremen.

event

The date in the summer of 1979 turned out to be a fortunate choice: In the press there was “sour cucumber time” and that is why SPIEGEL reported on the planned event 10 days in advance. Since the German press was not concerned with any dramatic events during Homolulu Week either, almost all national media reported on the event, and so it came about that for the first time predominantly factual reports about gay life. The largest and most content-rich gay meeting in the Federal Republic of Germany to date in Frankfurt / Main attracted activists to the working groups in the student house at the university during the day and to the large cultural program in the marquee on the outskirts of the city during the night. A gay daily newspaper appeared for the duration of the meeting, which was pleasurable in every respect, but there were also reporters from many daily newspapers on site and even numerous public broadcasters reported for the first time. The content-related discussions on gay policy issues, e.g. B. the recently founded AG gay teachers in the GEW Berlin, were left to the self-printed daily sheet for the participants. Nevertheless, the factual, often even sympathetic reporting changed the general perception of gays throughout the old Federal Republic. Therefore it was easier to announce regional dates in the local press afterwards, and there was increasing coverage of events. This was a turning point, both in public perception and in the self-perception of gays. This made Homolulu the finale of the gay political movement of the 1970s.

For a whole week, over two thousand visitors celebrated, discussed and demonstrated at the Frankfurt Homolulu Festival. The highlight was a colorful demonstration with hundreds of flashily disguised gays on the Zeil. Pictures from this event even made it into the news. In the end, the demonstrators passed a resolution by acclamation , which included the following points:

  1. We demand that the discrimination against unmarried people is finally over.
  2. We demand equality in inheritance and tax law
  3. The portrayal of heterosexuality as the only healthy and desirable form of sexuality must finally come to an end.
  4. We require support for independent institutions of gay centers, gay advice centers and gay health organizations.
  5. We demand the right of gays to be able to work in the public media, radio and television. We are calling for two seats on the Broadcasting Council.
  6. Gays' self-expression in sex education must be made possible.
  7. We demand legal protection against discrimination in all areas.
  8. We demand redress for the gay concentration camp victims and complete rehabilitation of the survivors.
  9. We demand the deletion of § 175 StGB and all accompanying laws and regulations
  10. We want to be free and openly gay not only in Homolulu, but everywhere.

aftermath

The event was a political spark for several gay initiatives throughout the Federal Republic of Germany. The demands of the fourth point of the final resolution were very similar to one of the central demands of the film Not the homosexual is perverse… . This resulted in the following initiatives, among others:

  • At Homolulu, for example, the idea of ​​a meeting center and conference center was born, which took shape the following year and opened in April 1981 as the Waldschlösschen .
  • On March 9, 1981, the Berlin communication and advice center for homosexual women and men moved to half a floor at Hollmannstrasse 19 (later Kulmer Strasse 20a).
  • On December 3, 1982, the Bremen Rat und Tat Center for homosexuals opened . The attached "Klön- und Kaffeestube" Homolulu (now Café Kweer ) is intended to encourage conversations between visitors.
  • A Bamberg also took part in Homolulu. Inspired by this, he began to build a gay group in his homeland. On August 28, 1979, the constituent meeting of the Bamberg Homosexuality Initiative (IHBa, today: Uferlos eV, Gays and Lesbians in Bamberg ) took place in the guest room of the Archbishop's Youth Welfare Office in Kleberstrasse .
  • In 1980 homosexual self-help was founded in order to be able to support various projects financially.
  • The comic artist Ralf König also took part in the demonstration , who describes it as a key experience, as it was there that he experienced that homosexuality is something good and beautiful and that was where he first met other young gays.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Tulleners: Kerkstraat 23  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , De Echo, 4th December 2008@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.echo.nl  
  2. Jerry Di Falco: Jerry Di Falco: "Political Discussion at the Homo Lulu Cafe in Amsterdam" - Painting Acrylic, 1988 ( Memento of the original from August 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , absolutearts.com, July 20, 2002 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.absolutearts.com
  3. a b Welcome to the first attempt at a web site by Stefan Reiss , July 18, 2003
  4. ^ Neue Rhein-Zeitung, July 25, 1979
  5. Stefan Reiss: Original information sheet with a call for donations and topics
  6. Ginka Steinwachs & Torsten Flüh George Sand , ginkasteinwachs.de, 2004
  7. Suok Ham: On the image of the artist in literary biographies: Christa Wolfs “No place. Nirgends ”, Ginka Steinwachs'“ George Sand ”and Elfriede Jelinek's“ Clara S. ” (dissertation at the TU Berlin), Königshausen & Neumann, 2007, ISBN 3-8260-3723-5 , p. 133
  8. Manfred Roth: Founder Father or Mother Courage? ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Laudation for the winner of the "Rosa Courage 1993" Prof. Dr. Andreas Meyer-Hanno , held on Thursday, April 29, 1993 at the Osnabrück Gay Culture Days "Gay in May", reprint 2006 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hms-stiftung.de
  9. ZF 63187 - Homolulu Zeitung / Association for the Promotion of Gay Culture in the Media ( Memento of the original from December 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , International Institute of Social History library database @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / search.iisg.nl
  10. ^ Michael Möbius, Annette Ster: Oslo and surroundings. DuMont direkt 3rd edition, DuMont Reiseverlag, 2007, ISBN 3-7701-6521-7 , p. 79 "Paradisbukta"
  11. ^ The Homolulu Show (2004) , imdb.com
  12. ^ The Homolulu Show , logoonline.com
  13. The Homolulu Show ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Movieola, copy on Youtube @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.movieola.ca
  14. a b c Michael Glas: The gay movement in the Federal Republic of Germany - political goals and strategies , 1993, master's thesis at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Abridged version 100 Years of the Gay Movement - Part 5 NARGS and HomoLulu ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on nuernberg.gay-web.de, Version: February 20, 1998
  15. a b Jörg Hutter: To the roots of the Bremen gay and lesbian center , 2002
  16. ^ Holy in "100 Years of Gay Movement", Manfred Herzer (Ed.), Verlag rosa Winkel, Berlin 1998, page 107
  17. Festschrift "40 Years AG Gay Teachers in the GEW Berlin", 2019, Section 4
  18. Waldschlösschen mittendrin, Rainer Marbach (Ed.), MännerschwarmSkript Verlag, Hamburg 2006, page 14 (right column above)
  19. Sebastian Haunss, Identity in Movement, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004, Section 9 (Gay Movement), p. 211
  20. ^ Resolution of the Homolulu Congress of July 28, 1979, printed in full in taz of July 30, 1979.
  21. Bernd König: Waldschlösschen book has been published ( Memento of the original from October 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2006, version: February 12, 2007 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hannover.gay-web.de
  22. Advice - doesn't have to be a problem. 10 years of gay counseling in Berlin, Verlag rosa Winkel, Berlin 1991, p. 15.
  23. Jörg Hutter : The Bremen advice and action center for gays and lesbians
  24. 20 years of gays and lesbians in Bamberg ( Memento of the original dated December 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Nürnberger Schwulenpost 7/1999 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / nuernberg.gay-web.de
  25. David Schraven : Comic artist number one , Die Welt, May 14, 2006
  26. Sven Michaelsen: »Beauty snores on me«. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung No. 43. 2015, accessed on November 13, 2017 .