Hude places

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The so-called Hude places form a group of places whose names contain the part Hude. For some, this is the entire name (e.g. Hude (Nordfriesland) , Hude (Oldenburg) ). You are in Holstein ( Kayhude , Tesperhude), Schleswig , Hamburg ( Winterhude , Harvestehude ), Western Pomerania ( Tückhude ), Lower Saxony ( Buxtehude , Steinhude , Elvershude, Huthloh), near Bremen ( Ritterhude , Fischerhude ), in the Netherlands with the suffix ( -hijde) and in England (-hithe) ( Rotherhithe , Hythe , Erith) common.

The basic word is first handed down in the old English Beowulf epic (8th century). It refers to places where small ships landed on flat banks by running aground and were pulled to dryness. In the same way, the word was still used in Holstein in 1465 for the landing stages of small river boats, while other names were common for the ports of the now larger seagoing vessels. At the end of the 15th century, the word disappeared from parlance.

The Hude places, some of which have long been deserted , were located on smaller rivers, as far as they were navigable, and sometimes even on streams shortly before they confluence with larger bodies of water. Apparently security played a role in the choice of location, which is why they were on the Geest . Unless they were urbanized in the course of their history, the places remained small settlements with an agricultural structure. Huyebrücke (= Hudebrücke), the landing place for Wester- and Osterwanna, was only a farm in 1768. Hude an der Oste , Estorf Behrste municipality , had two farms at that time. Huthloh near Hechthausen an der Oste is a manor. Elfershude am Billerbeck near Adelstedt- Stubben, Wesermünde district, had a mill in 1768 and a few small properties.

The early, relatively similarly structured settlements were first mentioned in northern Germany in the 10th century, but, as English examples show, they can be much older. A targeted excavation or analysis of the written sources can be expected to provide information about the relationship between agriculture and shipping at such places.

Stade locations

The less frequent Stade locations (stade = bank), including Stade , Medemstade south of Ihlienworth in the combined municipality of Land Hadeln, Warstade near Hemmoor ad Oste or Leitstade, a residential area near Hitzacker (Elbe) , compete with the Hude locations in the northern German distribution area. However, in terms of location, structure and type of landing site, they do not show any difference to the Hude locations. Buxtehude was still called "Buochstadon" when it was first mentioned in 959. It was not until 1135 that the name “Buchadihude” came up, which over the course of time was blurred and became Buxtehude. However, there is no indication that the name extension was associated with a change in the port situation, because the settlement was not in the area of the old town of Buxtehude, but about two kilometers up the Este in the Altkloster district, on the Geest.

literature

Detlev Ellmers : The Hude-places. In: Guide to Prehistoric and Protohistoric Monuments. The Elbe-Weser triangle. II: Research problems-excursions Stade Bremervörde Zeven Buxtehude. Von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 1976, ISBN 3-8053-0145-6 , p. 143 f.
Dellev Ellmers: Early Medieval Merchant Shipping in Central and Northern Europe Offa books 1984