Atlantic hare bell
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Atlantic hare bell ( Hyacinthoides non-scripta ) |
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| ( L. ) Chouard ex Rothm. |
The Atlantic hare bells ( Hyacinthoides non-scripta ), also English hare bells , is an early flowering bulb plant ( geophyte ) from the genus of the hare bells ( Hyacinthoides ) in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). This Western European species is used as an ornamental plant and as a cut flower in groups of trees . She has been in culture since 1594.
features
The Atlantic hare bell is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 40, sometimes up to 50 centimeters. This geophyte forms onions as persistence organs, the diameter of which is about 1 to 1.5 centimeters. From this, three to six basal, linear leaves develop in spring . They are 20 to 50 centimeters long and 7 to 15, sometimes up to 25 millimeters wide.
The inflorescence stem is round and smooth. The racemose inflorescence , consisting of six to twelve individual flowers, is weakly one-sided and hangs over nodding at the tip. The 14 to 20 millimeters long, hermaphrodite flowers are pendulous, stalked and strongly scented. The perianth is narrow, bell-shaped with strongly curved tips. Its color is dark blue, rarely white or reddish. The outer stamens are in the middle of the bloom attached and longer than the inner ones. The anthers are creamy white. The Atlantic hare bell blooms from April to May.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16, less often 24.
Occurrence
The Atlantic hare bell occurs indigenously in western Europe along the Atlantic coast of central and northern Portugal, in western and northern Spain and via France to Ireland and Great Britain to Scotland. Here the species grows in fresh, nutrient-rich forests, where it often forms a noticeable spring aspect, especially in Great Britain.
In Central Europe and North America, it was mostly naturalized from garden cultures through naturalization.
In Belgium the Hallerbos is known for its stock of rabbit bells .
In Germany, the largest sites for the Atlantic Hare Bell are in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony . A particularly distinctive area is the so-called forest of blue flowers between Doveren and Baal near Hückelhoven , district of Heinsberg , where conservationists assume that it was not created by garden plants released into the wild. Other areas are the Kellenberger Kamp and the Gillenbusch , both to be found in the Düren district . All larger stands are in light, high deciduous forests, which are protected against shrub and undergrowth by means of maintenance measures.
Taxonomy
Synonyms for Hyacinthoides non-scripta are: Endymion non-scriptus (L.) Garcke , Hyacinthus non-scriptus L. and Scilla non-scripta (L.) Hoffmanns. et link
The Atlantic hare bell forms with the Spanish hare bell ( Hyacinthoides hispanica ) the morphologically difficult to distinguish and odorless bastard Hyacinthoides hispanica × Hyacinthoides non-scripta = Hyacinthoides × massartiana Geerinck (synonym: Hyacinthoides × variabilis P.D.Sell ). This hybrid is very variable in its characteristics, but is closer to the Spanish rabbit bell in its characteristics. Cultivated and overgrown plants often go back to this bastard.
Hazard and protection
The Atlantic hare bell is not considered endangered throughout Europe. However, it is particularly protected in Germany under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV). Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981, the species is specially protected in Great Britain, where picking is legal, but removal by digging in wild stocks for commercial purposes is punishable.
literature
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
- John McNeill: Hyacinthoides . In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae (part 2) . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-516748-1 , pp. 316 (English). ( same text on efloras.org ; engl.)
- Helmut Preisinger: Forest hyacinths and the blue spring forests of northwestern Europe. Botanical Association of Hamburg, Association for Plant Science, Nature Conservation and Landscape Management.
Web links
- Atlantic hare bell. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Atlantic hare bell . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Rothm. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland [1]
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 133 .
- ↑ Species other than birds specially protected under The Wildlife and Countryside Act . Schedule 8 (Plants), 1981, page 1816 , accessed April 21, 2008
Map with all linked sites: