Hydroxylammonium nitrate
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| General | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surname | Hydroxylammonium nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | [NH 3 OH] NO 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
Solid |
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| properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 96.05 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| density |
1.841 g cm −3 |
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| Melting point |
100 ° C (decomposition) |
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| solubility |
soluble in water |
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| Toxicological data | |||||||||||||||||||
| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Hydroxylammonium nitrate is a chemical compound from the group of nitrates and a salt of hydroxylamine .
Extraction and presentation
Hydroxylammonium nitrate can be obtained by reacting hydroxylammonium salts such as hydroxylammonium sulfate or hydroxylammonium chloride with nitrates such as barium nitrate , sodium nitrate , potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate . It can also be obtained from nitric acid by electrosynthesis .
properties
Hydroxylammonium nitrate is a solid with a monoclinic crystal structure. It decomposes explosively when heated to over 100 ° C, producing water, oxygen , nitrogen and small amounts of nitrogen monoxide . For this reason, it is being studied as a single-component fuel for rockets and grenades . The technical product is sold in solution with water. It was also used as a reducing agent in plutonium - uranium separation and plutonium back-extraction.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Entry on hydroxylammonium nitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on December 22, 2019 (JavaScript required)
- ↑ a b A. L. Rheingold, JT Cronin, TB Brill and FK Ross: Structure of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and the deuterium homolog . In: Acta Crystallographica Section C . 43, No. 3, March 1987, pp. 402-404. doi : 10.1107 / S0108270187095593 .
- ↑ a b c data sheet hydroxylammonium nitrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 30, 2010 ( PDF ).
- ↑ Entry on Hydroxylammonium nitrate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ Toxicological assessment of hydroxylamine and its salts (PDF) from the professional association for raw materials and chemical industry (BG RCI), accessed on August 22, 2012.
- ↑ Freepatentsonline: Hydroxylammonium nitrate process
- ↑ Ralph E. White; Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry; ISBN 978-1-4419-0654-0
- ↑ Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft: Investigation of the combustion of liquid gun propellants in closed chambers .
- ↑ Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, Volume 36, p. 313.
Web links
- CS Choi, J. Schroeder, YT Lee, J. Frankel and JF Cox: Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate salts. In: Journal of Thermal Analysis. 37, 1991, pp. 2525-2539, doi : 10.1007 / BF01912798 .