Winged St. John's Wort

Winged St. John's Wort
	Winged St. John's Wort ( Hypericum tetrapterum )
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family :	St. John's wort family (Hypericaceae)
Genre :	St. John's herbs ( Hypericum )
Type :	Winged St. John's Wort
Scientific name
	Hypericum tetrapterum
	Fr.

The Winged St. John's Wort ( Hypericum tetrapterum ), also wing Hartheu or wing-John's wort called, is a plant from the genus of hypericum ( Hypericum ) within the family of hypericaceae (Hypericaceae).

description

Illustration - right: winged St. John's wort ( Hypericum tetrapterum ), left: prostrate St. John's wort ( Hypericum humifusum )

The winged St. John's wort is a hibernating green, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 60 rarely 80 centimeters. The independently upright stem is clearly square and hollow. Thread-like subterranean runners are formed. The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves include these about half. The simple leaf blade is elliptical to ovate with a length of 2 to 4 centimeters. The leaves are dense and finely translucent dotted and have black glands on the edge.

The flowering time is in midsummer from June to September. In the upper leaf axils there are gold-like inflorescences . The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are usually five-fold, but four-fold flowers are also found. The usually five, sometimes four sepals are lanceolate with a length of up to 5 millimeters with pointed upper ends. The usually five, sometimes four pale yellow petals are only up to 8 millimeters long and have only a few (none to four) black point- or line-shaped glands on the edge. There are 30 to 40 stamens present.

The pointed, egg-shaped capsule fruit is about twice as long as the calyx, also has black glands and contains numerous seeds. The black seeds are cylindrical.

The number of chromosomes is n = 8.

Difference to other types of St. John's wort

In contrast to other St. John's wort species, the hollow stem has four narrow "wing strips" (edges); the specific epithet tetrapterum means four-winged (Greek: τετρα- (tetra-) four and πτερόν (pteron) wing ) and explains the German adjective "winged". The flowers are similar to St. John's wort, but only half the size. It can be found in wet, nutrient-rich locations such as meadow ditches, banks and streams.

Winged St. John's wort ( Hypericum tertrapterum ), herbarium evidence

ecology

The winged St. John's wort is a hemicryptophyte ; it winters green, with its survival buds covered by leaves or soil. The vegetative reproduction takes place through short thread-like, underground runners . The winged St. John's wort occurs in smaller to larger groups. The stem wings serve to stabilize in dry periods. The hollow stems ensure the oxygen supply to the root area.

There is self- pollination or insect pollination .

The seeds are spread with the help of the wind and by swimming.

use

The winged St. John's wort is used as an ornamental plant for pond edges.

Occurrence

Winged St. John's Wort is common in Central Europe and West Asia at low and medium altitudes. The distribution ranges in the north to Denmark and Sweden, in the east to Ukraine, in the southeast to Bulgaria and Greece and in the south to Italy and Spain . Outside Europe, finds are documented in Algeria , northern Iran , Iraq , Israel , Lebanon , Syria and Turkey . In Australia it is a neophyte .

You can find the winged St. John's wort on wet, swampy, nutrient-rich soils such as grass ditches, wet meadows and on the banks of ponds and streams. Winged St. John's wort thrives best on moist to wet, often flooded soils that are never very acidic , but rather rich in nitrogen . In Central Europe it is a Filipendulion association character, but also occurs in the Convolvulo-Epilobietum hirsuti from the Convolvulion association as well as in societies of the Phragmitetalia, Agrostietalia or the Epilobietea angustifolii class. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria at Oberjoch it rises to an altitude of 1100 meters.

According to the ecological indicator values according to Ellenberg , the winged St. John's wort is indicated as a penumbral plant for a moderately warm sea climate.

Systematics and taxonomy

One can distinguish between three varieties:

Hypericum tetrapterum var. Anagallifolium Boiss. : It occurs from southern Turkey to Israel.
Hypericum tetrapterum var. Corsicum (Steud.) Boiss. : It occurs in Corsica.
Hypericum tetrapterum var. Tetrapterum : It occurs from Europe to the Caucasus and from the Mediterranean region to Iran.

Hypericum tetrapterum was first published by Elias Magnus Fries . Synonyms for Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. non Lam. are: Hypericum acutum Moench , Hypericum quadrangulum L.

swell

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Winged St. John's wort. In: FloraWeb.de.
↑ G. Tischler: The chromosome numbers of the vascular plants of Central Europe. 's-Gravenhage, junk. 1950.
↑ Oskar Sebald : Guide through nature. Wild plants of Central Europe. ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5 , p. 69.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 664.
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 219.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hypericum tetrapterum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 22, 2020.
↑ Hypericum tetrapterum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 15, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Winged St. John's Wort ( Hypericum tetrapterum ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Winged St. John's Wort . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
Profile at the Natural History Museum Vienna.
Wanted poster at Skye Flora .
Area map at Den virtuella floran .
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: "Flora von Deutschland" (old name of the website: "Flowers in Swabia")
Photos: [1] , [2]

[FloraWeb-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Winged St. John's wort. In: FloraWeb.de.

[tischler-2] G. Tischler: The chromosome numbers of the vascular plants of Central Europe. 's-Gravenhage, junk. 1950.

[Sebald1989-3] Oskar Sebald : Guide through nature. Wild plants of Central Europe. ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5 , p. 69.

[Düll2011-4] Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

[Oberdorfer2001-5] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 664.

[Dörr-Lippert-6] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 219.

[WCSP-7] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hypericum tetrapterum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 22, 2020.

[GRIN-8] Hypericum tetrapterum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 15, 2015.