Ika Freudenberg

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Ika Freudenberg's grave in the north cemetery in Wiesbaden

Ika Freudenberg (actually Friederike Freudenberg ; born March 25, 1858 in Raubach near Neuwied ; † January 9, 1912 in Munich ) was a leading player in the bourgeois women's movement in Bavaria .

Live and act

Ika Freudenberg was the daughter of the hut owner Johann Philipp Freudenberg (1803–1890) and his wife Caroline (1817–1893), who came from a pastor's family; her brother was Wilhelm Freudenberg . In her youth she received professional music training; however, she never practiced the profession of musician.

Freudenberg was committed to women's rights in many ways. She declared the right of women to vote, and thus their full share in legislation, as the core of the entire women's movement.

In 1894 Freudenberg moved with her first partner to Munich , where she began to get involved in the local women's movement . She made contact with writers such as Ricarda Huch , Gabriele Reuter and Lou Andreas-Salomé and got to know the photographers and women's rights activists Anita Augspurg and Sophia Goudstikker . She moved in with the latter in 1899 after the death of her first partner; the house on the Königinstraße at the Englischer Garten became a popular meeting place for the Munich bohemians and for friends from the women's movement inside and outside Munich.

In 1896 at the latest Ika Freudenberg took over the chairmanship of the association for women's interests founded two years earlier (initially under the name Society for the Promotion of the Intellectual Interests of Women ) and held this office until her death in 1912. The association also accepted men; he included the poet Rainer Maria Rilke and the satirist Ernst von Wolehmen , who immortalized the association and its members (including Freudenberg, the sisters Goudstikker and Augspurg) in his satire The Third Sex (1899).

Under the umbrella of the association, information points for women's professions, professional organizations for women and a legal protection office for women were established. The latter was under the direction of Sophia Goudstikker, who - as the first woman in Munich - was also admitted as a defense attorney before the courts of first and second instance. As one of Ika Freudenberg's greatest achievements, Gertrud Bäumer, who is also a close friend of Freudenberg, cites the successful initiation of a professional representation for waitresses who at that time had little protection under labor law. Freudenberg was also involved in the board of directors of the Federation of German Women's Associations , which Gertrud Bäumer would later take over as chairman.

In 1905 Freudenberg was diagnosed with breast cancer. She was operated on several times, but remained active in the women's movement as far as possible. Ika Freudenberg died on January 9, 1912 in Munich as a result of her illness. She found her final resting place in the north cemetery in Wiesbaden. Luise Kiesselbach was her successor as chairwoman of the Association for Women's Interests .

Contemporaries valued Freudenberg's level-headed argumentation as well as her humor, sensitivity and love for life.

Honors

By city council resolution of September 30, 2004, a street in Munich was named after her.

Publications

  • The Federation of German Women's Associations : a presentation of its tasks and goals and its development so far, along with a brief overview of the activities of its work committees . With Marie Stritt ; Federation of German Women's Associations, Frankenberg (Saxony). L. Reisel, 1900.
  • A word to the female youth . Leipzig, Verlag der Frauen-Rundschau, 1903.
  • A manifesto against women's suffrage . In: The woman. Monthly magazine for the entire women's life of our time . Issue 16 (1908), pp. 18-25. ( Digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • The woman and politics . With Wilhelm Ohr; National Association for Liberal Germany. Munich, Heller 1908
  • Why is the women's movement turning to youth? Leipzig, Voigtländer, 1907.
  • What the women's movement has achieved . Munich: National-Verein bookstore, 1910.
  • The woman and the culture of public life . Leipzig, CF Amelang, 1911.
  • Principles and demands of the women's movement . With Helene Lange ; Anna Pappritz ; Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner . Leipzig, 1912.
  • What the women's movement has achieved . Munich, National Association bookstore, 1912.

literature

  • Marita A. Panzer, Elisabeth Plößl: Bavarias daughters. Portraits of women from five centuries. Pustet, Regensburg 1997. ISBN 3-7917-1564-X
  • Heiner Feldhoff, Carl Gneist: Westerwald heads. 33 portraits of outstanding personalities. Rhein-Mosel-Verlag, Zell / Mosel 2014. ISBN 978-3-89801-073-3
  • Manfred Berger : Freudenberg, Friederike , in: Hugo Maier (Ed.): Who is who of social work . Freiburg: Lambertus, 1998 ISBN 3-7841-1036-3 , p. 182ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Prüser:  Freudenberg, Johann Philipp. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 409 f. ( Digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Gertrud Bäumer: Life through a turning point. Verlag Rainer Wunderlich, Tübingen 1933, p. 182.
  3. ^ Marie Stritt: The International Women's Congress in Berlin 1904. Berlin 1905, p. 520, URL: https://archive.org/stream/derinternationa00fraugoog#page/n530/mode/2up .
  4. ^ Gertrud Bäumer: Ika Freudenberg . In: Dies .: Shape and Change. Portraits of women. FA Herbig 1939, pp. 412-437, p. 418.
  5. ↑ Bäumer 1939, p. 424.
  6. ↑ Bäumer 1939, p. 425.
  7. ↑ See Bäumer 1939, p. 429.
  8. ↑ Bäumer 1939, p. 426ff.
  9. ^ Antonius Lux (ed.): Great women of world history. A thousand biographies in words and pictures . Sebastian Lux Verlag , Munich 1963, p. 173.
personal data
SURNAME Freudenberg, Ika
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Freudenberg, Friederike
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bavarian women's rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH March 25, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Raubach near Neuwied
DATE OF DEATH January 9, 1912
Place of death Munich