North Cemetery (Wiesbaden)
The North cemetery covers an area of 14.5 hectares is the second largest cemetery of the Hessian state capital Wiesbaden .
Location and history
The north cemetery is located on the northern development boundary of the city in the area of the forest district Höllkund close to the city on a narrow, elongated ridge between the Nerotal and Adamstal and was inaugurated in 1877.
After the capacity at the nearby Old Cemetery was exhausted and the decision had been made to build the new municipal cemetery in the Walddistrict Höllkund (later called Hellkund ), which belonged to the city, the clearing work began in 1875.
The city administration was under time pressure, as the population of Wiesbaden had grown from 2000 to over 100,000 in the course of the 19th century and many well-established and affluent Wiesbaden residents also wanted a representative grave instead of being buried in the district cemetery responsible for them.
Many of the tombs from the first occupation are designed in the style of historicism , but Art Nouveau is also represented with important works. Even today, the overall impression is characterized by tombs from the Wilhelmine era , because of these artistically executed graves and the architectural and landscaping design, the cemetery was placed under monument protection.
So far, a total of 85,000 people have been buried in the cemetery.
Main portal system
Work on the main portal began in 1878, it consists of three arches and is made of brick. The main gate is seven meters high and 3.50 meters wide, the two side gates are half as high.
The main gate is crowned by a two meter high sandstone cross. The side portals facing Platter Straße and opposite the forest are designed in the same way. Overall, the gates have hardly had to be repaired since they were built. The walls of the cemetery have not proven to be so stable, so that extensive security and repair work was necessary on the outer walls in 2008 and 2009.
Gatehouse
The porter's house in the immediate vicinity of the main entrance was built in a half-timbered style , known as the Swiss house style . It housed the house for the cemetery attendant and his family as well as the cemetery administration.
Landscaping and planting
The north cemetery has an extensive population of trees, especially arborvitae and false cypresses are often represented. The initial planting comprised 1,130 pieces of decorative wood, 100 tall decorative firs and 50 conifers ; today the oaks and beeches that were originally present before the clearing have been replanted.
The tree of life is also an expression of a self-confident bourgeoisie who wanted to express their achievements not only through elaborate grave design, but also through tall and rare trees.
When laying out the paths, an attempt was made to incorporate the natural lines of the landscape and this approached the requirements of the English landscape garden .
Geometric shapes were defused by the crooked line , which also facilitated a basic structure of a social separation of grave sites, which corresponded to the differentiated demands of a hierarchical class society.
Scholars, artists, civil servants, representatives of respected professions such as doctors, merchants, manufacturers, bankers and other representatives of the nouveau riche upper class demanded places in the cemetery that corresponded to their rank and reputation.
Columbarium
On the cemetery area there is a columbarium , a building for holding urns. The columbarium has 512 niches for urns. Opened in 1902, it is designed in neo-Romanesque style , but some details such as the font design already give an idea of the dawning Art Nouveau . It was designed by the city architect Felix Genzmer , and the execution cost 35,000 marks .
Since Wiesbaden did not have a crematorium at that time, the corpses had to be cremated in surrounding cities, which significantly increased the costs of a burial. It was not until 1912 that a crematorium was opened on the grounds of the southern cemetery . Urns are currently still being deposited there.
Above the entrance is the inscription DIE LIEBE NEVER UP , a sentence from the 13th chapter of the 1st Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians .
Sponsorships
There are now almost a hundred sponsorships for old tombstones. The sponsor's right to find a place in the grave himself is linked to the assumption of costs for the maintenance of the tombs.
Modern art
The Diakonie Community Paulinenstift increased by 1,975 private urn burial ground for the Deaconess of her house on the North Cemetery and placed a piece of art by sculptor Wolf Spemann on.
Graves
- Franz Abt , 1819–1885, composer and conductor.
- Alfred Adelmann von Adelmannsfelden , 1848–1887, writer and captain.
- Heinrich Albert , 1835–1908, chemist and industrialist.
- Eduard Bartling , † 1927, editor of the Wiesbaden Generalanzeiger , city councilor and member of the Prussian state parliament and the Reichstag .
- Fritz Beckhardt , 1889–1962, decorated fighter pilot from the First World War with his wife Rosa Emma, reburied in 2010
- Franz Eccard von Bentivegni , 1896–1958, German officer.
- Oskar Bertram , 1890–1965, German officer.
- Carl Wilhelm Bierbrauer , 1881–1962, sculptor and lecturer.
- Friedrich von Bodenstedt , 1819–1892, writer.
- Amely Bölte , 1811–1891, German writer.
- Willy Borngässer , 1905–1965, Protestant pastor, theologian and local politician.
- Hermann Brill , 1895–1959, politician, resistance fighter and first Thuringian government president after the Second World War .
- Georg Buch , 1903–1995, politician of the SPD, President of the Hessian state parliament and Lord Mayor of Wiesbaden.
- Otto von Corvin , 1812–1886, German writer.
- Wilhelm Coulin , 1816–1887, Mayor of Wiesbaden.
- Liesbet Dill , 1877–1962, writer, publications a. a. in the gazebo .
- Friedrich-Georg Eberhardt , 1892–1964, German officer.
- Ika Freudenberg , 1858–1912, protagonist of the bourgeois women's movement.
- Walter Gieseking , 1895–1956, German pianist.
- Franz Grünthaler , † 1909, Wiesbaden stonemason and sculptor.
- Nikolas Grünthaler , 1861–1914, son of Franz Grünthaler, Wiesbaden stonemason and sculptor.
- Friedrich-Carl Hanesse , 1892–1975, German officer.
- Heinrich von Herzogenberg , 1843–1900, composer.
- Johannes Hess , 1854–1902, Mayor of Wiesbaden.
- Ferdinand Hey'l , 1830–1897, actor and spa director of Wiesbaden, inventor of Germania on the Niederwald above Rüdesheim.
- Carl Bernhard von Ibell , 1847–1924, Lord Mayor of Wiesbaden from 1883 to 1913.
- Georg Jacoby , 1882–1964, author and director.
- Karl Keil , 1838–1889, sculptor and architect.
- Gottfried Kiesow , 1931–2011, German preservationist.
- Carl Koch , 1827–1882, German natural scientist and royal Prussian state geologist.
- Kaspar Kögler , 1838–1923, painter , draftsman and illustrator.
- August Kortheuer , 1868–1963, Protestant theologian and regional bishop of Nassau.
- Volker Kriegel , 1943–2003, jazz musician, draftsman and writer.
- Hans Milch , 1924–1987, Catholic priest, founder of actio spes unica .
- Ferdinand Möhring , 1816–1887, composer, song writer, conductor and organist.
- Arnold Pagenstecher , 1837–1913, doctor, entomologist and honorary citizen of Wiesbaden.
- Karl Schauß (1856–1929), composer.
- Hermann Schies , 1836–1899, sculptor.
- Christian Schlichter , 1828–1883, was first mayor of Wiesbaden from 1882 to 1883.
- Helmut Schön , 1915–1996, German soccer player and coach.
- Sigmund Schuckert , 1846–1895, founder of the Schuckertwerke.
- Ernst Schütte , 1904–1972, German politician (SPD).
- Carl Schuricht , 1880–1967, German conductor.
- Louis Seel , 1881–1958, painter.
- Johann Jacob Söhnlein , 1827–1912, founder of the Rheingau sparkling wine factory Söhnlein .
- Emil Veesenmeyer , 1857 -1 944 , Protestant pastor at the Bergkirche in Wiesbaden and dean
- August Wilhelm Wilhelmj , 1813–1910, procurator and wine merchant.
- August Wilhelmj , 1845–1908, violin virtuoso.
- Maria Wilhelmj , 1851–1930, singer, sister-in-law of August Wilhelmj.
- Georg-August Zinn , 1901–1976, Prime Minister of Hesse from 1950 to 1969.
Two Jewish cemeteries
To the north of the grounds of the Nordfriedhof on Platter Straße is the only one of a total of 7 Jewish cemeteries in Wiesbaden where funerals are still held today. The facility was planned from 1870, when it became clear that the previously used cemetery on the Schöne Aussicht would no longer be sufficient. In 1877 the Jewish community received permission to create a cemetery. In 1889 a contractual agreement was reached with the city of Wiesbaden, which made the land available to the Israelite religious community free of charge. The new Jewish cemetery was opened on 1891 by the responsible district rabbi, Dr. Silberstein inaugurated. To the east of the north cemetery - on Hellkundweg - there is another Jewish cemetery, which was occupied by the old Israelite community. Orthodox Jews had founded it as a so-called "exit congregation" in 1876 because they rejected the developments of the liberal main congregation. This also made a separate cemetery necessary. It was laid out in 1877 and the last burial took place in 1942.
On June 25, 2020, an online exhibition of the Jewish cemetery began 270 years ago. The exhibition is curated by the Wiesbaden Jewish Community and the Wiesbaden City Archives. Among other things, the purchase contract and documents from the inventory of the Star Archive can be seen.
Transport links
The north cemetery is on the federal road 417 , in front of the main entrance is the terminus Nordfriedhof of bus lines 3 and 6 of the ESWE transport company .
See also
List of stumbling blocks in Wiesbaden
Jüdischer Friedhof Schöne Aussicht (Online exhibition of the Jewish cemetery 270 years ago. The exhibition is curated by the Wiesbaden Jewish Community and the Wiesbaden City Archives. Among other things, the purchase agreement and documents from the Starchiv's holdings can be seen.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ City of Wiesbaden: North Cemetery
- ^ Alemannia Judaica: Jewish cemeteries in Wiesbaden
- ↑ Hendrik Jung: Virtual browsing. Wiesbadener Kurier, June 13, 2020 ( WKplus )
- ↑ Jüdische Geschichte Wiesbaden.de: 360-degree tour over the grounds of the Jewish cemetery Schöne Aussicht on juedische-geschichte-wiesbaden.de
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 6 ″ N , 8 ° 13 ′ 8 ″ E