Israelite community of Basel

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Basel synagogue
Theodor Herzl on the balcony of the Three Kings Hotel , photo by EM Lilien , probably 1901

The Israelitische Gemeinde Basel is a unified Jewish community in Basel , Switzerland with around 1000 members (as of 2016).

history

Today's third community has existed since 1805, after the first Jewish community , which had formed in the 12th century, was wiped out in the Basel Jewish pogrom in 1349 and the second community dissolved in 1397.

Even without a significant Jewish presence, the Hebrew printing industry and Hebrew linguistics flourished under the influence of humanism, especially in Basel (cf. the various Reformed theologians (and Orientalists ) named Johann Buxtorf ).

In the 1860s, the community had the Great Basel Synagogue built by the architect Hermann Rudolf Gauss at Eulerstrasse 2, located next to the current parish hall at Leimenstrasse 24 , built in 1960 by architects Marcus Diener and Georges Olstein community-owned Israelitische Friedhof Basel inaugurated; until then, the parishioners were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Hégenheim in Alsace , France .

The first and most important Zionist congress took place in Basel in 1897 after the Munich Jewish establishment had successfully prevented it from being held in Munich (see Protestrabbis ). Associated with Basel is the so-called Basel Program, the binding formulation of the Zionist demands, also adopted in 1897, which 20 years later was included verbatim in the Balfour Declaration and finally in the League of Nations mandate for Palestine .

In 1927, the strictly orthodox Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft Basel split off, which still exists today and operates a synagogue on Ahornstrasse.

After a cantonal referendum on December 3, 1972 to amend the cantonal constitution of the canton of Basel-Stadt , the Israelite Community of Basel was the first Jewish community in Switzerland to be recognized as a corporation under public law . The Basel Israelite Congregation is a member of the Swiss Confederation of Israelite Congregations (SIG).

Rabbi of the community

The rabbis of the Israelite community in Basel lead the community according to the rules of Halacha . Until 1884 the rabbinate of the Israelite community of Basel was exercised by the rabbis of Hégenheim . As far as is known, the rabbis of the community were and are:

  • Aron Levy (until approx. 1834)
  • Moïse Nordmann (approx. 1834-1884)
  • Arthur Cohn (1885–1926) - first community rabbi
  • Arthur Ephraim Weil (1926-1959)
  • Leo Adler (1959–1979)
  • Israel Meir Levinger (1979-2003)
  • Arie Folger (2003–2008 * | 5763–5768 ** )
  • Yaron Nisenholz (2008–2015 * | 5768–5776 ** )
  • Moshe Baumel (since 2015 * | since 5776 ** )

Legend: * Years according to the Gregorian calendar | ** Years according to the Jewish calendar

See also

literature

  • August Burckhardt : The Eberler called Grünenzwig. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Vol. 4, 1905, pp. 246–276. ( Digitized version )
  • Achilles Nordmann : History of the Jews in Basel from the end of the second community to the introduction of freedom of belief and conscience 1397–1875 . In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Vol. 13, 1914, pp. 1–190 ( digitized version )
  • Theodor Nordemann: On the history of the Jews in Basel: Jubilee publication of the Israelitische Gemeinde Basel on the occasion of the 150th anniversary. 5565-5715 , 1805-1955 . Israelitische Gemeinde, Basel 1955, DNB 453603459 .
  • Jews in Basel in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Prejudices and Reality of Life. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Vol. 104, 2004. ( digitized version )
  • Sara Janner: Mission to the Jews in Basel in the first half of the 19th century. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Vol. 104, 2004, pp. 31–81. ( Digitized version )
  • Urs Hofmann: Anti-Semitism in Basel. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Vol. 104, 2004, pp. 83–116. ( Digitized version )
  • Ruth Heinrichs: The Israelite Community in the First World War in Basel 1914-1918. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Vol. 104, 2004, pp. 117–156. ( Digitized version )
  • Noemi Sibold: The University of Basel and the Jewish emigrants and refugees in the 1930s . In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Vol. 104, 2004, pp. 157–182. ( Digitized version )
  • Heiko Haumann : Eight centuries of Jews in Basel . 200 years of the Basel Israelite Community. Ed .: Heiko Haumann. Schwabe, Basel / Muttenz 2005, ISBN 3-7965-2131-2 .
  • Jonathan Bodenheimer: 175 years of the Basel Israelite Community. Israelitische Gemeinde, Basel [1980], OCLC 603765493 .
  • Christoph Peter Baumann / Community members: Judaism in Basel . Ed .: Christoph Peter Baumann. Inforel, Information Religion, Basel 2010, ISBN 978-3-906981-34-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IGB staff: History of the IGB. In: igb.ch. Israelitische Gemeinde Basel, accessed on October 25, 2016 .
  2. ^ A b Editor: Israelitische Gemeinde Basel (IGB). “As a so-called unitary church, the IGB includes Jewish members of all religious backgrounds. It is conducted according to the rules of Halacha . " In: inforel.ch. INFOREL, Information Religion, April 7, 2017, accessed July 30, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Information from the IGB municipal administration on October 27, 2016. - For comparison: "2010: In the canton of Basel-Stadt and -landschaft: approx. 1300 members (including wives and children)." Israelitische Gemeinde Basel (IGB). In: inforel.ch. April 7, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
  4. ↑ Katia Guth-Dreyfus: 175 years Israelitische Gemeinde Basel. (PDF; 21.5 MB) In: baslerstadtbuch.ch. Christoph Merian Verlag, 1980, p. 10 , accessed on August 1, 2017 : “The founding year 1805 of the third community, […], is not evident from a document from that year, but can be derived from later information. According to the court records of the city of Basel from 1817, the Jewish religious association in Basel appointed Joseph Meyer here in 1805 as presinger of the school ( synagogue ) and Schochet (butcher) from Blotzheim. The rather costly employment of a culture officer presupposes the existence of a congregation that was probably founded shortly before. "
  5. ↑ For the history see Israelitische Gemeinde Basel (IGB). In: inforel.ch. March 21, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  6. ↑ Katia Guth-Dreyfus: 175 years Israelitische Gemeinde Basel. (PDF; 21.5 MB) In: baslerstadtbuch.ch. Christoph Merian Verlag, 1980, p. 10 , retrieved on August 1, 2017 : "... community hall at Leimenstrasse 24 finally, created 20 years ago by the architects Marcus Diener and Georges Olstein ..."
  7. ↑ Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft Basel (IRG) , inforel.ch , accessed on October 6, 2018.
  8. ^ Editing: Structures. Public corporations. In: inforel.ch. INFOREL, Information Religion, February 3, 2011, accessed August 25, 2016 .
  9. ^ State Chancellery of the Canton of Basel-Stadt : Constitution of the Canton of Basel-Stadt. As of March 23, 2005 (as of July 1, 2016). In: Gesetzessammlung.bs.ch. State Chancellery of the Canton of Basel-Stadt , accessed on October 25, 2016 : Ҥ 126. Churches and religious communities recognized under public law - 1 The Evangelical Reformed Church , the Roman Catholic Church , the Christian Catholic Church and the Israelite Community are recognized by the canton under public law. - 2 They are public corporations with their own legal personality. "
  10. ↑ Member communities. In: swissjews.ch. Swiss Association of Israelites (SIG) , accessed on July 10, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Overview: Rabbis were in Basel during this period. In: alemannia-judaica.de. Alemannia Judaica , March 16, 2013, accessed July 27, 2017 .
  12. ↑ a b c Katia Guth-Dreyfus: 175 years Israelitische Gemeinde Basel. (PDF; 21.5 MB) In: baslerstadtbuch.ch. Christoph Merian Verlag, 1980, p. 10 , accessed on August 1, 2017 : “Until 1884, the rabbis of Hegenheim also held office in Basel, according to Aron Levy, Moise Nordmann between 1834 and 1884 . In 1885 Dr. Arthur Cohn appointed as the first parish rabbi to Basel. In his place was Dr. Arthur Weil, the 1953 Dr. Leo Adler followed; since 1980 Dr. Meir Levinger. "
  13. ^ Kipa: Young Rabbi for Basel. In: jesus.ch. Livenet Association , November 13, 2002, accessed on July 27, 2017 : "After a difficult selection process, the Basel Israelite Congregation elected 29-year-old Arie Folger from New York as the new rabbi."
  14. ^ Editors: Vienna - Arie Folger becomes chief rabbi. A large majority of the religious council decided in favor of the Belgian. In: juedische-allgemeine.de . Central Council of Jews in Germany , December 23, 2015, accessed on July 27, 2017 : "Arie Folger was rabbi of the Basel Israelite community from 2003 to 2008 ..."
  15. ↑ Editor: Yaron Nisenholz is appointed rabbi of the Israelite community in the synagogue. In: baslerstadtbuch.ch. Christoph Merian Verlag, August 17, 2008, accessed on July 28, 2017 .
  16. ^ Regula Pfeifer: Rabbi Yaron Nisenholz: "To have five children in Israel would be too many". In: kath.ch. Catholic Media Center, August 10, 2015, accessed July 27, 2017 .
  17. ↑ Yves Kugelmann : Back home with new ideas. Rabbi Yaron Nisenholz is leaving the Basel Israelite Community after 13 years to return to Israel. In: tachles.ch . JM Jüdische Medien AG, August 7, 2015, accessed on July 27, 2017 (with registration or chargeable).
  18. ↑ Editor: Basel - Moshe Baumel elected rabbi. The 27-year-old will take up office in October. In: juedische-allgemeine.de. Central Council of Jews in Germany, August 24, 2015, accessed on July 27, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Antonia Brand: A rabbi between pastoral care and event management. In: tageswoche.ch . New Media Basel, November 24, 2015, accessed on July 27, 2017 .
  20. ^ Rabbi Moshe Baumel. In: ordonline.de. Orthodox Rabbinical Conference Germany (ORD) , accessed on July 28, 2017 .


Coordinates: 47 ° 33 ′ 16 "  N , 7 ° 34 ′ 58"  E ; CH1903:  610848  /  267099