Ivan Vladimirovich Tjulenew

Ivan Vladimirovich Tjulenew

Ivan Tyulenev ( Russian Иван Владимирович Тюленев , scientific. Transliteration Ivan Vladimirovič Tjulenev ; born 16 ^jul. / 28. January  1892 ^greg. In Schatroschany in today's Ulyanovsk Oblast ; † 15. August 1978 in Moscow ) was a Soviet army general and the first Commander of the Southern Front in the German-Soviet War .

Life

Early military career

From 1903 he attended a rural elementary school, later worked in a rural economy and as a worker in a syrup factory. He was an apprentice to a blacksmith and then again an unskilled worker in a brick factory. In October 1913 he joined the 5th Dragoon Regiment of the Tsarist Army, which was subordinate to the 5th Cavalry Division in the Kazan Military District . At the beginning of the First World War he took part with his regiment in the fighting near Sandomierz and in Galicia . In 1915 he fought in the Carpathian Mountains , took part in the Great Retreat across the Bug to Brest Litovsk and in 1916 stood on the Daugava and in front of Riga . For his bravery he was awarded the St. George Cross, 4th class. After the February Revolution he became a member of the Soldiers' Council in April 1917 and sent to Petersburg as a delegate of the 5th Cavalry Division to take part as a deputy in the Soviet Congress. In the Russian Civil War he fought in the Red Army in the autumn of 1918, initially in the east near Samara and Kazan. In November 1918 he was sent to Moscow for four months to complete leadership courses at the General Staff Academy of the Red Army. In August 1919 he served as a general staff officer in General Budjonny's cavalry corps , and from November 1919 he served as chief of operations of the 1st Red Cavalry Army . In March 1920 he took over the command of the 2nd Brigade of the 4th Cavalry Division, which operated in the Don region and the North Caucasus . In 1920 he took part in the Soviet-Polish War and last fought in North Tauria and in the Crimea . In March 1921 he was involved in the suppression of the Kronstadt uprising and then commanded the 137th Rifle Regiment to Minsk . Since May 1921 he acted as chief of staff of the Siberian 15th Cavalry Division, in August he took over the leadership of the 1st Brigade of this department, with which he was involved in the suppression of the uprising in the Tambov province . In June 1924 he was sent to Maykop as commander of the 14th Cavalry Division and in November 1925 he was appointed inspector of the cavalry of the North Caucasus Military District. In 1929 he improved his military qualifications by attending further courses. This was followed by intensive studies at the party-political leadership school in Moscow, after which he was given the position of military commissioner of the 1st Separate Cavalry Brigade in November 1930.

In World War II

In February 1938 he then took over command in the Transcaucasian Military District. At the beginning of the Second World War he took over command of the 12th Army, with which he entered western Ukraine in mid-September 1939 under the command of General Tymoshenko . In August 1940 he became the commander of the Moscow Military District, and in June 1940 he received the rank of Army General . When the German invasion of the Soviet Union took place in 1941 , Tyulenev was in command of the Moscow military district . On June 25, in Vinnitsa, he took command of the southern front that had emerged from the 9th Independent Army . From late July to early August 1941, his troops withdrew across the Dniester River to the Dnieper . In September 1941 he was seriously injured in the fighting in the Dnepropetrovsk region and had to be flown to the Central Military Hospital in Moscow. In October 1941 he was sent to the Urals Military District as a representative of the State Defense Committee to organize the establishment of 20 new rifle divisions. In January 1942, the 28th Army was set up there under his command. In February he served briefly as deputy commander of the Southwest Front and in May 1942 he was given command of the Transcaucasus military district, whose district leadership was initially stationed in Tbilisi . After the German summer offensive, he commanded the Transcaucasus Front from August 1942 until the end of the war . In a very short time he organized the defense between Tuapse and Nalchik as well as at Mosdok and on the Terek . He had 70,000 gun emplacements built in the foothills of the Caucasus, continued to dig over 660 kilometers of anti-tank trenches and erected more than 300 anti-tank barriers at the most important positions.

After the Second World War he commanded the troops of the Kharkov military district , and in 1947 he was appointed inspector general of the cavalry. From June 1948 he occupied various positions in the command of the land forces and in May 1958 he acted as an advisor to the inspector group of the Ministry of Defense. On February 21, 1978, in connection with the 60th anniversary of the Red Army, he was subsequently awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his achievements in World War II . He died in August 1978 and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Works

Tyulenev wrote several books about his experiences, including:

• Soviet cavalry fighting for the fatherland , 1957.
• Through three wars. Memories. Moscow, 1960.
• Heroes of the Battle of the Caucasus Tskhinvali , 1975.

Web links

Commons : Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Biographical materials on the Russian history website hronos
• Biography on a Russian website of the Heroes of the Soviet Union
• Biography on peoples.ru