9th Army (Red Army)

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9th Army
- XXXX -

GCB

National badge of the armed forces of the USSR
active 1939 to 1943
Country Soviet UnionSoviet Union Soviet Union
Armed forces Soviet UnionSoviet Union Red Army
Armed forces Land Forces
Type army

The 9th Army ( Russian 9-я армия ) was a military unit of the Red Army in World War II , which was active from 1939 to 1943. In the Cold War was a newly formed 9th Army from 1966 to 1989 active.

history

Second World War

The army was first set up in the Leningrad Military District in 1939 and took part in the winter war against Finland from November of that year . They attacked the Finnish hill country and stood between the 8th Army in the south and the 14th Army in the north. Two divisions of the army, the 163rd Rifle Division and the 44th Motorized Rifle Division, were destroyed in the Battle of Suomussalmi .

In 1940, a 9th Army was formed from the troops of the Odessa military district, which took part in the occupation of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina . In 1941, before the start of the German-Soviet War , the army was temporarily designated the 9th Independent Army . Their task was the defense of Bălțis , Chișinăus and Odessa . With three rifle, one cavalry and two mechanized corps it was the largest army on the western border of the Soviet Union before the German attack on June 22, 1941:

  • 35th Rifle Corps (Brigadier General IF Daschitschew) with 30th Mountain, 95th, 176th Rifle Divisions
  • 48th Rifle Corps (Major General RJ Malinowski ) with 74th, 116th and 150th Rifle Divisions
  • 2nd mechanized corps ( JW Nowoselski ) with 11th and 16th armored and 15th motorized rifle divisions
  • 18th Mechanized Corps (Major General PW Woloch ) with 44th and 47th Panzer and 218th Motorized Rifle Divisions
  • 2nd Cavalry Corps (Major General PA Below ) with 5th and 9th Cavalry Divisions
  • 14th Rifle Corps (General DG Jegorow) with 25th and 51st Rifle Divisions
  • 80th and 82nd fortified room (on the Dniester)

On June 25, 1941, the army in the Odessa military district formed the southern front under Ivan Tjulenew , the army itself continued to exist under the name 9th Army . The 9th Army had its first enemy contact when the German 11th Army under Eugen von Schobert attacked the interface between it and the 18th Army at Operation Munich . The German attack fell north of Iași on the 48th Rifle Corps under Malinowski , which Bălți was guarding. Tyulenev ordered a counterattack, in which the II Cavalry Corps and the II Mechanized Corps from the Front Reserve were also involved. In addition, he formed the coastal group from three divisions withdrawn from the corps of the army , which was to defend the east bank of the Prut , the north bank of the Danube and the Black Sea coast. It later became the Independent Coastal Army .

At the beginning of August, the 9th Army was in retreat on Nikolayev and crossed the Ingulez River by August 17 to move into a new defensive position on the Dnieper . The coastal group withdrew to Odessa at this time. At the beginning of October the 9th Army withdrew to Taganrog after an attempt by the three armies of the southern front to hold a line between Pavlograd and the Sea of ​​Azov through the deployment of the newly formed 1st Panzer Army under Ewald von Kleist in the battle of the Sea of ​​Azov had been foiled, the 9th Army was almost destroyed.

After the loss of Rostov-on-Don , the 9th Army attacked on November 17 as part of a counterattack planned by Tymoshenko on the southern and southwestern fronts. By November 29, the 9th and 56th Armies had repulsed the enemy and Rostov was again in Soviet hands. The 9th Army was then assigned to the Tymoshenko Strategic Reserve and prepared for a new offensive. This began in January 1942 and led to a Soviet break-in into the German front on the Donets , before German counter-attacks led to their suspension.

The 9th Army later played a minor role during the Second Battle of Kharkov in May 1942 by securing a head start at Isjum . Here she got caught in the German counterattack company Fridericus and suffered heavy losses. The 9th and 57th Armies were surrounded at Isjum by the German 1st Panzer and 17th Armies and together lost 200,000 men.

As part of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasus Front , the army then fought in the great Don Bend and in the Caucasus in the summer of 1942 . In November 1943, the Army High Command was dissolved and the subordinate troops were assigned to other units.

Cold War

The 9th Army was re-established in 1966 in the Transcaucasian Military District with headquarters in Kutaisi , Georgian SSR . In 1989 it was dissolved again through conversion into the 31st Army Corps . This in turn was withdrawn from Georgia in 1993.

guide

Commander

  • Komkor M. P. Duchanow (November - December 1939)
  • Komkor VI Chuikov (December 1939 - early 1940)
  • Lieutenant General IW Boldin (Summer 1940)
  • Colonel General JT Tscherevichenko (June 22 - September 9, 1941)
  • Major General FM Kharitonov (September 9, 1941 - May 20, 1942)
  • Major General PM Koslow (May 20 - June 18, 1942)
  • Major General AI Lopatin (June 24 to July 14, 1942)
  • Major General FA Parchomenko (July - August 1943)
  • Major General KA Korotejew (September 1942 - February 1943)
  • Major General WW Glagolev (February 11 - March 22, 1943)
  • Lieutenant General KA Korotejew (March - May 1943)
  • Major General PM Koslow (May - June 20, 1943)
  • Major General AA Grechkin (June 20 - October 1943)

Chiefs of staff

  • Major General Matvej Vasilyevich Sakharov (June 1941)
  • Major General Pawel Ivanovich Bodin (June 29 - September 9, 1941)
  • Brigade Commander NP Ivanov (September - December 1941)
  • Major General Vitali Nikolajewitsch Symbolow (January - February 1942)
  • Major General Feodosi Konstantinowitsch Korschenewitsch (February - May 1942)
  • Major General Jakow Sergejewitsch Daschewski (May - June 1942)
  • Major General AG Batunja (June - August 1942)
  • Major General PJ Lowjagin (August 1942)
  • Colonel A. Kolominov (August 1942 - May 1943)
  • Major General Michail Sergejewitsch Filippowski (May 12 - November 6, 1943)

Members of the Council of War

  • Corps Commissioner AF Kolobjakow (June - September 1941)
  • Division Commissioner KW Krainyukov (September 1941 - November 1942)
  • Division Commissioner SJ Kolonin (August - November 1942)
  • Colonel WN Jemelyanov (November 1942 - November 1943)

structure

January 1, 1942

  • 30th, 51st, 317th, 339th Rifle Division
  • 23rd Motorized Rifle Regiment (NKVD)
  • 6th tank brigade

July 1, 1942 (Southwest Front)

  • 51st, 81st, 106th, 140th, 255th, 296th, 318th, 333rd Rifle Division
  • 5th Cavalry Corps (30th, 34th, 60th Cavalry Divisions)
  • 12th tank brigade

February 1, 1943 (North Caucasus Front)

  • 9th Rifle Corps (43rd, 157th, 256th Rifle Brigade)
  • 11th Guards Rifle Corps (7th, 34th, 57th Rifle Brigade, 8th Guards Rifle Brigade)
  • 11th Rifle Corps (19th, 84th, 131st Rifle Brigade)
  • 207th Armored Brigade

July 1, 1943 (North Caucasus Front)

  • 9th Rifle Corps (34th, 43rd, 157th, 256th Rifle Brigade)
  • 11th Rifle Corps (19th, 57th, 84th, 131st Rifle Brigade)
  • 276th, 351st Rifle Divisions

literature

  • John Erickson: The Road to Stalingrad. Cassel, 2003.
  • David M. Glantz: Colossus Reborn. The Red Army at War, 1941-1943. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence 2005, Volume II.
  • Robert Kirchubel: Company Barbarossa, Oxford 2003.

Web links